The Foreign and Commonwealth Office has issued guidance on the Counter-Terrorism (International Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, the proposed U.K. regulations that will govern the U.K.'s application of international sanctions following the U.K.'s withdrawal from the EU. The Regulations will apply within the U.K. and relate to the conduct of U.K. persons (i.e. British nationals and legal entities incorporated in the U.K.), wherever those persons may be situated in the world (including branches of U.K. companies operating overseas).

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José Manuel Campa, the former Global Head of Regulatory Affairs at Santander, commenced his new role as Chairperson of the European Banking Authority. He will retain the role for a renewable term of five years.

Mr Campa has confirmed he is "committed to continuing the work started by my predecessor Andrea Enria to build a single supervisory and regulatory framework for the entire banking sector in the EU, and to ensure a stable and safe Single Market that benefits and protects consumers, businesses and the wider community."

View the EBA's announcement.

The European Securities and Markets Authority has published its final report and technical advice to the European Commission on incorporating sustainability risks and factors into European regulation. The European Commission sought advice from ESMA and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority in July 2018 on the introduction of environmental, social and governance considerations into the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, the Insurance Distribution Directive, the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive, the Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Directive and the Solvency II Directive. The introduction of sustainability considerations into European regulation sits against the backdrop of the European Commission's Sustainability Action Plan, which aims to encourage sustainable investment and mitigate climate change risk in line with the 2016 Paris Agreement and UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In response, ESMA opened consultations seeking input from stakeholders, which closed on February 19, 2019.

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The European Banking Authority has launched a consultation on the Regulatory Technical Standards that it is developing to govern certain aspects of counterparty credit risk in derivatives transactions. The EBA has been mandated to produce the RTS under the current draft of the Capital Requirements Regulation 2. The consultation runs until August 2, 2019. A public hearing will also take place at the EBA premises in Paris on June 17, 2019 from 15:00 - 17:00 CET. Parties interested in attending should register by May 28, 2019.

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A Commission Implementing Decision declaring equivalence of the Japanese legal, supervisory and enforcement arrangements for risk mitigation techniques and exchange of collateral has been published in the Official Journal of the European Union. The European Market Infrastructure Regulation requires counterparties to uncleared derivatives to comply with requirements on timely confirmation, portfolio compression, procedures for reconciliation of disputes and the exchange of collateral, collectively known as the risk mitigation techniques. The European Commission is empowered to adopt an equivalence decision declaring that the requirements of a third country are equivalent to the EMIR requirements on risk mitigation. The USA has also benefited from such a decision in respect of its risk mitigation arrangements.

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The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System has proposed amendments to Regulation EE, which implements the netting provisions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991.  The proposed amendments would expand the definition of “financial institution” for purposes of the netting provisions to more clearly cover certain categories of entities and would clarify how the activities-based test under Regulation EE applies following the consolidation of legal entities.

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The Prudential Regulation Authority has released its first systemic risk buffer rates, which will apply from August 1, 2019. The rates determine the amount of additional regulatory capital which must be held by "systemic risk buffer institutions" (i.e. U.K. financial institutions which have been deemed to be systemically important). In scope firms are the so-called "ring-fenced bodies" within the meaning in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 and include large building societies holding more than £25bn in deposits. The buffer applicable to each institution is intended to reflect the relative costs to the U.K. economy if the institution in question were to fall into distress.

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The Financial Conduct Authority is seeking input on its evaluation of the Retail Distribution Review and Financial Advice Market Review, two initiatives introduced in 2006 and 2015, respectively, which aimed to enhance the outcomes for retail consumers from financial advice and guidance given by institutions. The evaluation has been launched in line with a commitment by the FCA to conduct a review of the initiatives in 2019. Responses should be submitted by June 3, 2019.

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The European Securities and Markets Authority has issued a Decision renewing and amending the temporary restriction on the marketing, distribution or sale of contracts for difference to retail clients. This has now been published in the Official Journal of the European Union. ESMA announced on March 27, 2019, that the existing restriction would be extended on the same terms as the previously implemented temporary restrictions. The CfD Decision applies directly across the EU from May 1, 2019, for a period of three months.

View the decision.

A Commission Delegated Regulation extending the exemption from the clearing obligation for intragroup transactions with a third-country group entity has been published in the Official Journal of the European Union. There are currently three sets of Regulatory Technical Standards made under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation that impose the clearing obligation for certain interest rate derivatives and credit derivatives. Each of these three RTS exempts from the clearing obligation certain intragroup derivatives transactions where one of the counterparties is a third-country group entity and there is no relevant equivalence decision in respect of the third country in which it is situated. An equivalence decision would enable parties that are subject to both the EU and a third country's clearing obligation to comply only with one jurisdiction's requirements, but no equivalence decisions have been made to date. Each of the three RTS sets a different expiry date for the intra-group exemption, which fall between December 21, 2018 and July 9, 2019.

The Delegated Regulation, which is substantively the same as ESMA's final draft submitted to the European Commission in September 2018, amends each of the RTS by extending the exemption period to one unified expiry date of December 21, 2020. The Delegated Regulation enters into force on April 29, 2019 and is directly applicable across the EU.

View the Delegated Regulation.

The Financial Conduct Authority has published a statement on the delay to publication of final rules for contracts for difference products and CfD-like options. The FCA has consulted on its proposals to make European Securities and Markets Authority's temporary product intervention measures permanent in the U.K. The FCA's proposed interventions are the same in substance as ESMA's, although it is also proposing to apply its rules to closely substitutable products and on extending these measures to exchange-traded derivatives. The consultation closed on February 7, 2019.

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An EU Regulation amending the Capital Requirements Regulation introducing a statutory prudential backstop, and requiring banks to have minimum loan loss coverage for newly originated loans, has been published in the Official Journal of the European Union. The Amending Regulation is part of the package of legislative and non-legislative measures proposed by the European Commission in March 2018 to address remaining and future non-performing loans in the EU.

The Amending Regulation builds on existing CRR provisions, requiring a deduction from own funds where non-performing exposures are not sufficiently covered. The Amending Regulation establishes a set of conditions for the classification of NPLs, which builds on the existing framework in the existing Implementing Technical Standards on Supervisory Reporting. It also makes provision for different levels of stringency depending on whether an exposure is collateralized or not and on the reason for the classification of an exposure as non-performing. National regulators will be able to use their supervisory powers under the Capital Requirements Directive to address situations in which a bank's NPLs are insufficiently covered by the backstop.

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The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published its finalized Approach to Supervision and Approach to Enforcement, following feedback to its consultation between March 21 and June 21, 2018 on drafts of the two approach documents. The documents should be read alongside the FCA's Mission document which was first published in October 2016 and most recently updated in November 2017. The documents form part of a series of formal approach documents explaining the FCA's approach to regulation in more depth.

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The Independent Evaluation Office (the Bank of England's independent review body) has published its evaluation of the BoE's approach to concurrent stress testing of the U.K. banking system. It concluded that overall the BoE has delivered on its stated approach and that the tests are valued highly by policymakers. The IEO has, however, outlined opportunities for refinement in three key areas, which the BoE has confirmed it is committed to implementing.

In the wake of the global financial crisis, the BoE reviewed its stress testing policy for the U.K. banking system and in 2015 published its approach to "concurrent" stress testing (the practice of simultaneously testing the entire balance sheets of several banks) up to 2018. The BoE's approach includes two scenarios: the annual cyclical scenario, a countercyclical scenario in which the severity of the scenario increases as risks build, and the biennial exploratory scenario, probing risks not linked to the financial cycle.

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The European Banking Authority has published an opinion on the nature of passport notifications for agents and distributors under the revised Payment Services Directive, the Electronic Money Directive and the Fourth Money Laundering Directive. The Opinion is addressed to national regulators in the EU of payment institutions and electronic money institutions but is also useful for PIs and EMIs providing services on a cross-border basis within the EU.

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Individuals who act outside their trade or profession when instructing brokers to execute FOREX contracts on their behalf must be regarded as "consumers" for the purposes of the Recast Brussels Regulation, according to a recent opinion issued by the Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the European Union. This applies regardless of the expertise of the individual or their active involvement in placing orders. Under the Recast Brussels Regulation (which governs jurisdiction between EU member states), "consumers" are entitled to bring proceedings before the court of the Member State in which they are domiciled, as opposed to being obliged to rely on the courts of the respondent counterparty's Member State.

In this case, the claimant, a student domiciled in the Czech Republic, had entered into an agreement for the execution of contracts for difference in the FOREX market via Cypriot brokerage company FIBO Group Holdings Ltd. The agreement was expressly subject to the jurisdiction of the Cypriot courts. The claimant brought a claim in the Czech court, alleging that FIBO had been unjustly enriched when the claimant's instructions to close out a position in U.S. dollars were not acted on promptly. The time delay meant exchange rates had changed before the trade was executed, significantly reducing her profit.

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The Financial Conduct Authority has published a Feedback Statement to its July 2018 discussion paper, "A duty of care and potential alternative approaches". In the discussion paper, the FCA raised the possibility of introducing a new duty of care for all financial services firms.

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The Financial Conduct Authority has published a "Dear CEO" letter addressed to wholesale market broking firms highlighting its view of the key risks of harm that such brokerage firms pose for their clients and markets and the FCA's strategy for mitigating those risks. Firms are expected to consider the issues raised and take steps to mitigate risks where applicable.

The key drivers of harm have been identified as commission-based compensation packages (the "eat what you kill" model), inadequate governance arrangements, potential conflict of interest or compliance issues arising from the variety of workflows performed by such brokerages and risks of market abuse and financial crime, all of which may be linked to cultural issues. In the FCA's view, certain brokers in wholesale markets have failed to keep pace with legislative and regulatory developments and lag behind other sectors in embedding a culture of good conduct.

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HM Treasury launched a consultation on its proposed options for transposing the Fifth Money Laundering Directive into U.K. law. 5MLD makes a number of changes to the European Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing regime set out in the Fourth Money Laundering Directive. EU Member States are required to transpose 5MLD into national laws, which must take effect by January 10, 2020. HM Treasury is consulting on how it proposes to effect the transposition, in particular where the U.K. has discretion as to how certain aspects are implemented and where gold plating provisions are proposed. Notably, the U.K. government intends to implement 5MLD irrespective of when the U.K. leaves the EU, and is committed to implementing the Financial Action Task Force's standards, focusing on those areas highlighted in the FATF's mutual evaluation report of the U.K.'s AML/CTF regime. Responses to the consultation were to be submitted by June 10, 2019.

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The U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority has published a Policy Statement and related Supervisory Statement on enhancing banks’ and insurers’ approaches to managing the financial risks from climate change. The statements are in response to the PRA’s consultation paper published in 2018 which sought feedback on the draft Supervisory Statement. The Statements are relevant to all U.K. insurance and reinsurance firms, banks, building societies and PRA-designated investment firms.

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The EU and the U.K. have agreed to postpone the date on which the U.K. will leave the EU from April 12, 2019 to October 31, 2019. The U.K. notified the EU under Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union on March 29, 2017 that it would leave the EU. That notification set the date for the U.K.'s exit as March 29, 2019, unless an agreement was reached between the U.K. and the EU. That date was amended by agreement to April 12, 2019 on March 22, 2019. This is the second postponement.

The EU has implemented the postponement in European Council Decision (EU) 2019/584 taken in agreement with the United Kingdom of 11 April 2019 extending the period under Article 50(3) TEU. The U.K. implemented the extension through the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (Exit Day) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2019, which amended the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018.

View the Council's Decision.

View the U.K. Regulations.

The Financial Action Task Force has published a Report to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors on its ongoing work to fight money laundering and terrorist financing. The report summarizes the FATF's work priorities under the U.S. presidency and sets out areas in which the FATF will work in the near future. These include:

• Work on virtual assets: the FATF continues to closely monitor risks involving virtual assets (the FATF uses this term to cover both virtual currencies and crypto assets). In this area, by June 2019, the FATF intends to address the challenges that arise in investigations and confiscation and update its 2015 Risk-based Approach Guidance on Virtual Currencies. The FATF will also review and consider the scope of the activities and operations that are covered by its Recommendations and Glossary.
• Improving transparency and availability of beneficial ownership information: the FATF intends to improve transparency and availability of beneficial ownership information through its mutual evaluation framework and will continue its work, initiated in February 2019, on identifying best practices on beneficial ownership to ensure legal entities are not misused for money laundering or terrorist financing and beneficial ownership information is freely available to national authorities. The work in this area is expected to be finalized by October 2019.

View the report.

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has issued two no-action letters to ensure that existing regulatory relief and substituted compliance measures for EU firms will continue to apply to U.K. firms following the U.K.’s departure from the EU.  The CFTC said that the no-action letters will bring greater clarity to the market in light of Brexit and reflect the CFTC’s commitment to ensuring that Brexit will not create regulatory uncertainty in global derivatives markets.  The relief is intended to cover both “no-deal” and “soft” Brexit scenarios.  The relief would apply upon the departure of the U.K. (and would thus take effect at the end of the most recent extension of the departure date to October 31, 2019).

CFTC Letter 19-08 extends to U.K. entities substituted compliance measures originally issued for EU entities.  These measures include comparability determinations for certain entity-level, transaction-level and uncleared margin requirements (the EU Comparability Determinations), along with an exemption for EU-authorized multilateral trading facilities and organised trading facilities from the CFTC’s swap execution facility registration requirements.

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The European Securities and Markets Authority has published an updated version of its supervisory briefing on appropriateness. The original appropriateness briefing was published in December 2012 to provide guidance to EU national regulators on the appropriateness requirements under the original Markets in Financial Instruments Directive. The updated appropriateness briefing reflects the amended requirements introduced by the revised Directive or MiFID II and takes into account the new version of ESMA's suitability guidelines published in May 2018 to the extent they are relevant to the appropriateness rules.

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An equivalence decision on the prudential and regulatory requirements in Argentina has been published in the Official Journal of the European Union. The equivalence decision means that EU banks may apply preferential risk weights and hold less regulatory capital for their exposures to Argentinian banks, investment firms, clearing houses, CCPs and exchanges as well as the Argentinian government, central bank and public bodies. Such an equivalence decision under CRR is one of the factors that a national regulator must take into account when deciding whether to adopt a domestic equivalence decision on consolidated supervision under the Capital Requirements Directive (i.e. whether to exercise consolidated supervision under EU rules to non-EU parents).

View the equivalence decision.

Following its recent consultation, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a Policy Statement, final rules and a Statement on the new product intervention measure it is introducing for retail binary options. Both contracts for difference and binary options are considered to have given rise to significant investor protection concerns, due to their complexity, the lack of transparent information at the point of sale, the risk of significant loss for investors and the deployment of aggressive marketing techniques by certain providers and distributors of the products. The FCA's product intervention powers under the Markets in Financial Instrument Regulation and, where the FCA has gone beyond those powers, the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 allow it to impose prohibitions or restrictions on certain financial instruments, financial activities or practices to address a significant investor protection concern. The FCA also consulted on product intervention rules for CfDs and those final rules are expected to be published in April this year.

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The European Securities and Markets Authority has published final guidelines on how national regulators should review risk factors as required by the new Prospectus Regulation. The guidelines aim to encourage more appropriate, focused and streamlined risk factor disclosures for securities. The purpose of including risk factors in a prospectus is to ensure that investors can assess the risks related to their investment, therefore allowing them to make informed investment decisions. 

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The U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority and U.K. Financial Conduct Authority have extended their deadlines for PRA- and FCA-regulated EEA firms to make notifications that they wish to utilize the temporary permissions regime for providing financial services in the U.K. following Brexit if no implementation or transitional period is agreed under the Withdrawal Agreement. Firms now have until April 11, 2019 to make their notification.

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The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published the Exiting the European Union: Temporary Permission and Financial Services Contracts Instrument 2019, which amends the FCA Handbook to accommodate firms subject to the temporary permissions regimes that will apply following the U.K.’s exit from the EU. The amendments will come into force on the day the U.K. exits the EU, with the exception of certain provisions of the FEES manual, which will apply from the later of (i) April 1, 2019 and (ii) exit day.

Non-Handbook guidance

The Instrument also contains non-Handbook guidance specifying that the FCA expects incoming EEA-based firms within the TPR or supervised run-off firms in the Financial Services Contracts Regime to communicate with customers about any material changes to their home state investor compensation scheme coverage as a result of Brexit.

View the Exiting the European Union: Temporary Permission and Financial Services Contracts Instrument 2019.

The European Securities and Markets Authority has launched a consultation on its draft Regulatory Technical Standards for costs disclosure requirements under the European Long-Term Investment Fund Regulation. The consultation is relevant to ELTIF managers, alternative investment funds managers and institutional and retail investors investing into ELTIFs. Responses to the consultation should be supplied by June 29, 2019.

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The European Securities and Markets Authority has announced that its restrictions on the sale, distribution and marketing of contracts for difference to retail investors will be extended from May 1, 2019, for a further three months. The extension will be on the same terms as the existing product intervention measure.

View ESMA's announcement.

View details of the existing decision.

The European Securities and Markets Authority has issued a Decision renewing the temporary prohibition on the marketing, distribution or sale of binary options to retail clients for a further three months from April 2, 2019. This has now been published in the Official Journal of the European Union. ESMA announced in February this year that the existing restriction would be extended. The binary options Decision applies directly across the EU from April 2, 2019, for a period of three months.

View the decision.

View ESMA's notification.

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has unanimously approved an interim final rule that will allow swap dealers and major swap participants to, in the event of a no-deal Brexit scenario, transfer legacy swaps entered into before the compliance date of the CFTC's margin requirements for uncleared swaps to an affiliate without triggering such requirements. The CFTC's interim final rule is substantively identical to an interim final rule adopted by the U.S. Prudential Regulators, which provides the same relief for legacy swaps entered into before the compliance date of their margin requirements for uncleared swaps.

Both interim final rules apply only to legacy swaps that are transferred solely for relocation purposes. They do not cover economic changes to legacy swaps, such as amendments that modify payment amount calculation methods, maturity date or notional amount of the uncleared swap.

The interim final rules are each effective immediately upon their respective publication in the Federal Register, and the transfer relief will apply for a period of one year following the U.K.'s withdrawal from the EU in the event of a no deal Brexit.

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The European Council has published its decision to extend the deadline for the U.K.’s withdrawal from the EU until May 22, 2019, provided that the Withdrawal Agreement passes through the House of Commons by March 29, 2019.

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A Commission Delegated Regulation and Commission Implementing Regulation setting out technical standards on the reporting of securities financing transactions have been published in the Official Journal of the European Union. These technical standards supplement the EU Securities Financing Transactions Regulation, which requires, amongst other things, all SFTs to be reported to EU-recognized trade repositories. Relevant reports must include details on the composition of collateral, whether collateral is available for reuse or has been reused, the substitution of collateral and any haircuts applied. The reporting obligation will apply to financial and non-financial counterparties, subject to exceptions for central banks and similar bodies. While various parts of the SFTR came into effect on January 12, 2016, the new reporting obligation is brought into force by these new technical standards.

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The Financial Conduct Authority has published a market bulletin that advises issuers and stakeholders of key changes to the Listing Rules, Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules and Prospectus Rules that will apply in the event of a no-deal Brexit.

In the event of a no-deal Brexit, the U.K.’s primary market regime will apply to all issuers that have securities admitted to trading, or have applied for admission to trading, on a U.K.-regulated market or admitted to listing in the U.K., or that are making a public offer in the U.K. The rules will apply regardless of the country an issuer is incorporated in.

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The U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority has published details of the temporary permissions regime that will allow PRA-regulated EEA firms to continue providing financial services in the U.K. for a limited period following the U.K’s exit from the EU, in the event that no implementation or transitional period is agreed under the Withdrawal Agreement. The EEA Passport Rights (Amendment, etc., and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2018 brought the TPR into force on November 7, 2018. The TPR applies to EEA firms that are authorized to conduct a regulated activity in the U.K. using passporting rights and have either: (i) applied for U.K. authorization prior to the U.K. withdrawal date; or (ii) notified the relevant U.K. regulator of their intention to continue conducting passported activities. Such firms will be entitled to continue providing financial services for up to three years from the date the U.K. leaves the EU.

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The Bank of England has published details of its prospective new role as supervisor of financial markets infrastructure at the end of the implementation period following the U.K.’s exit from the EU. 

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The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published two supplementary Directions under the Electronic Money, Payment Services and Payment Systems (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2018 specifying that notifications by e-money and payment services firms wishing to take advantage of the FCA’s temporary permissions regime will not be valid if they are withdrawn in writing prior to exit day. The FCA has previously issued Directions setting out how such firms should notify the FCA of their intention to make use of the temporary permissions regime.

View the FCA's supplementary Direction on withdrawal of notifications by e-money services firms.

View the FCA's supplementary Direction on withdrawal of notifications by payment services firms. 

View details of the FCA’s Directions for notifications by e-money and payment services firms.

May 29, 2019 update: ESMA's guidance of March 19, 2019 has been superseded by revised guidance issued, details of which are available here.

The European Securities and Markets Authority has published a statement on the impact of a no-deal Brexit on the trading obligation for shares. The Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation requires investment firms to conclude transactions in shares admitted to trading on a regulated market or traded on an EU trading venue, i.e. namely regulated markets, multilateral trading facilities, systematic internalisers and equivalent third-country trading venues. The requirement is not applicable to transactions in shares traded in the EU on a non-systematic, ad-hoc, irregular and infrequent basis. ESMA's statement is relevant should there be a no-deal Brexit (currently set for March 29, 2019) and there is no equivalence decision for the U.K.

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The Working Group on Sterling Risk-Free Rates has published a discussion paper aimed at raising awareness for market participants of the conventions for referencing SONIA in new financial contracts. The paper focuses on the most significant conventions for contracts that reference SONIA directly. The paper concludes with a series of questions for market participants, who should submit responses by April 30, 2019.

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The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a statement confirming that the EU regime for credit rating agencies is "at least as stringent" as the U.K.'s regime, post-Brexit. The U.K. CRA Regulation provides that banks, investment firms, insurers, reinsurers, management companies, investment companies, alternative investment fund managers and CCPs may use credit ratings for certain regulatory purposes if a rating is issued by a third-country CRA under the endorsement regime. The FCA considers that the EU regime meets the conditions for endorsement. This will allow U.K.-registered CRAs to endorse credit ratings into the U.K. from EU affiliates for regulatory use under the U.K. CRA Regulation. The European Securities and Markets Authority has announced today that the U.K. regime has been positively assessed for endorsement under the EU CRA Regulation.

In addition, in preparation for a no-deal Brexit, the U.K. is establishing (i) a conversion regime for U.K. and third-country CRAs currently registered or certified by ESMA; and (ii) a temporary registration regime for newly established U.K. entities that are part of a group of CRAs with an existing ESMA registration before exit day.

View the FCA's statement on endorsement of EU credit ratings.

View details of ESMA's statement on endorsement of U.K. credit ratings.

The European Securities and Markets Authority has published a further statement on the implications of a no-deal Brexit for U.K. credit rating agencies. The CRA Regulation provides that banks, investment firms, insurers, reinsurers, management companies, investment companies, alternative investment fund managers and CCPs may use credit ratings only for certain regulatory purposes if a rating is issued by: (i) an EU CRA registered with ESMA; or (ii) a third-country CRA under the endorsement regime or the equivalence/certification regime. U.K. CRAs will lose their EU registration when the U.K. leaves the EU on a "hard Brexit."

Read more.

The European Commission has published its latest progress report on building of the Capital Markets Union. The CMU is an EU initiative which aims to deepen and further integrate the capital markets of Member States, further safeguard financial stability, strengthen the international role of the euro and diversify sources of finances for small and medium enterprises. The CMU aims to allow consumers to buy cheaper and better investment products, and enable financial services providers to scale up by offering services in other Member States.

The progress report notes that the CMU is an important Single Market project that will give increased access to capital for both companies and citizens, especially in smaller countries. A well-developed CMU increases the EU’s attractiveness to foreign investment and complements the EU’s agenda of free and fair trade. Broadly, the Commission has delivered measures that it had committed to take forwards at the beginning of the mandate and put in place certain "building blocks" of the CMU. However, the report notes that it may take time for the impact of the Commission’s actions to be realized.

Read more.

The European Commission has adopted a draft Delegated Regulation containing Regulatory Technical Standards on requirements for:

• key financial information to be set out in the summary of a prospectus;
• the publication of a prospectus;
• the classification of prospectuses and practical arrangements to ensure machine readability of the classifications;
• advertisements and their dissemination;
• situations where the publication of a supplement to the prospectus is required; and
• technical arrangements necessary for the functioning of the notification portal.

The adopted RTS will repeal Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 382/2014 on the publication of supplements to a prospectus and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/301 on the approval and publication of the prospectus and dissemination of advertisements.

The adopted RTS will enter into force 20 days after they are published in the Official Journal of the European Union, which will take place once it is approved by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. The adopted RTS will apply directly across the EU from July 21, 2019, which is when the remainder of the Prospectus Regulation applies.

View the adopted RTS.

View the annexes to the adopted RTS.

The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a Supervisory Statement on the operation of the transparency regime under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive post-Brexit. The Statement sets out how the FCA will operate the pre- and post-trade transparency regime for the secondary markets in the event of a no-deal Brexit on March 29, 2019. The U.K.'s onshored MiFID II provides the FCA with transitional powers, for a period of four years, on how to run the transparency regime as the FCA does not yet have the technology to make the same calculations and assessments that ESMA carries out.

View the FCA's statement.

The European Commission has adopted a draft Delegated Regulation on the format, content, scrutiny and approval of the prospectus to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to trading on a regulated market. The draft Delegated Regulation is based on the technical advice provided to the Commission by the European Securities and Markets Authority in April 2018. The draft Regulation will repeal the existing Implementing Regulation under the existing Prospectus Directive (which will be finally repealed in July 2019) on the form and content of prospectuses.

Read more.

While speaking before the D.C. Blockchain Summit, Commodity Futures Trading Commission Chairman J. Christopher Giancarlo discussed the relationship between technology, regulation and markets, and described the steps the CFTC has taken to stay in step with innovations that have posed regulatory challenges.

Chairman Giancarlo touted the potential for such technological innovations, including blockchain and digital ledger technology, to transform the way that regulators gather information and lower operational costs for financial institutions. Interestingly, Chairman Giancarlo argued that blockchain and DLT could have helped regulators gather real-time trading data during the 2008 financial crisis, which he believes at a minimum could have prompted "better-informed" and "more calibrated regulatory intervention."

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The U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority has opened a consultation proposing changes to the Pillar 2 capital requirements for banks and large investment firms.

Responses to the consultation may be submitted until June 13, 2019. The PRA is proposing to implement the changes from October 1, 2019.

The Pillar 2 capital for firms comprises Pillar 2A and Pillar 2B. Pillar 2A is a firm's capital requirement for certain risks, including credit risk, market risk, operational risk, counterparty credit risk, credit concentration risk and interest rate risk in the non-trading book. Pillar 2B is the PRA's buffer for each firm, in addition to the buffers required under the Capital Requirements Directive. The PRA's proposals relate to changes needed to its approach to setting the Pillar 2B buffer as a result of the Bank of England's changes to the stress testing framework. The proposals also aim to: (i) clarify the PRA's approach to assessing weaknesses in risk management and governance under Pillar 2B; and (ii) explain the process for updating the benchmarks used to calculate the Pillar 2A requirement for credit risk.

The changes would be implemented by updates to:

• Statement of Policy, "The PRA's methodologies for setting Pillar 2 capital";
• Supervisory Statement, "The Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP) and the Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP)" (SS31/15); and
• Supervisory Statement, "Implementing CRD IV: Capital buffers" (SS6/14).

View the consultation paper.

The Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority have published press releases following the first meeting of the Climate Financial Risk Forum on March 8, 2019. The CFRF is a joint forum established by the PRA and FCA in late 2018. The CFRF aims to encourage financial sector approaches towards managing the financial risks from climate change as well as supporting green finance. The CFRF will develop practical tools and approaches to reduce the barriers for firms looking to adopt a strategy for minimizing financial risks from climate change. The regulators are concerned with both the impact of climate change itself and the transition to supporting a low carbon economy. Both the FCA and the PRA consulted in late 2018 on the impact of climate change. The PRA consulted on a draft Supervisory Statement on managing the financial risks from climate change and the FCA consulted on climate change and green finance and the potential changes to its regulatory approach to these issues. The FCA consultation set out specific actions that the FCA intends to take in the short term in four areas - capital markets disclosures, public reporting requirements, green finance and pensions.

Read more.