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The following posts provide a snapshot of selected UK, EU and global financial regulatory developments of interest to banks, investment firms, broker-dealers, market infrastructures, asset managers and corporates.

  • UK Financial Conduct Authority portfolio letter on strategy for mortgage intermediaries
    January 30, 2025

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a portfolio letter on its strategy for mortgage intermediaries setting out the areas of regulatory focus for the next two years. The FCA's overarching focus is on embedding the Consumer Duty. Several key areas where this is most relevant for mortgage intermediaries are identified, including: (i) quality of advice and unsuitable products – particularly in the context of customers facing financial circumstances or vulnerability, meaning firms must do more to consider customers' personal and financial circumstances and financial objectives; (ii) high pressure selling and ancillary products – the FCA intends to assess how firms are identifying and managing conflicts of interest that may arise; (iii) excessive fees and fair value – in particular, the FCA highlights the relevance of its Consumer Duty guidance and recent update on good and poor practice in fair value assessments; and (iv) financial promotions – the letter emphasizes the importance of featuring the risks of secured lending prominently alongside the promoted benefits. The letter also notes the FCA's other expectations in relation to dormant appointed representatives, trading names and conditional selling.
  • Permission to appeal granted against Financial Ombudsman Service decision concerning motor finance discretionary commission arrangements
    January 27, 2025

    Barclays Partner Finance has been granted permission to appeal against the Administrative Court's judgment in R (Clydesdale Financial Services Ltd) v Financial Ombudsman Service Ltd [2024] EWHC 3237 (Admin). Permission was granted by the Administrative Court on the order of Kerr J dated December 24, 2024, and the Court of Appeal will hear the appeal by December 8, 2025. In the judgment under appeal, the Administrative Court found in favor of the FOS and dismissed a claim brought by Clydesdale Financial Services Ltd (which trades as Barclays Partner Finance) for judicial review of an ombudsman's decision to uphold a complaint in relation to a discretionary commission arrangement in a motor finance agreement.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority responds to Government call for regulators to support growth
    January 17, 2025

    The Financial Conduct Authority has published a letter (dated January 16, 2025) from Nikhil Rathi, FCA Chief Executive, sent to the Government, setting out its work to ensure that it is supporting the Government's U.K. growth mission. The letter responds to Government's December call for regulators to support growth. In the letter, the FCA explains that to achieve the vast reforms, the FCA will need to take greater risks and prioritize resources. The Government's support and acceptance of this approach is required, including an acceptance that there will be failures because it will not be possible to prevent all harm under an approach based on risk-based choices. The FCA emphasizes that this acceptance needs to be shared across all accountability mechanisms, including in Parliament, and states that metrics for "tolerable failures" within the overall system would assist.

    The areas addressed in the letter include:
    • unlocking capital investment and liquidity: in addition to the planned reforms for the wholesale markets, the FCA will fast-track a review of capital requirements for specialized trading firms to improve liquidity;
    • accelerating digital innovation to enhance productivity: the FCA makes a number of suggestions on how to do this including introducing a new open banking payment method and developing open finance, the removal of the £100 contactless payment limit to enhance consumer flexibility and level the playing field with digital wallets. The FCA also suggests that government action could help by introducing digital identity authentication, enhancing the quality of the Companies House database to reduce costs for business, and digitalizing court systems to reduce delays;

    Read more.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority responds on motor finance judgment
    January 17, 2025

    The Financial Conduct Authority has published a letter addressed to the House of Lords Financial Services Regulation Committee on motor finance commission specifically addressing the court of appeal judgement in Johnson v FirstRand Bank Ltd (London Branch) (t/a MotoNovo Finance) [2024] EWCA Civ 1282. The letter responds to a letter the FCA received from the Committee in December.

    In the letter, the FCA sets out the relevant FCA rules and principles concerning both discretionary and fixed commissions, both prior to and following the amendments introduced in 2021. The FCA also confirms that it did not seek legal advice on the specific issue of the relevance of disinterested or fiduciary duties with regard to formulating (and amending) the rules providing for commission disclosure and the ban on discretionary commission arrangements. The FCA concludes by explaining that once the Supreme Court has settled the law in this area, it will consider if any intervention is needed, which will include reviewing its rules to take account of the court's judgment.
  • New UK Financial Conduct Authority webpages on consumer redress liabilities
    January 14, 2025

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published two new webpages relating to consumer redress liabilities. The first webpage provides an update for firms on what they should and should not do to tackle polluting behavior and how to meet their redress liabilities. Polluter behavior is described as when a firm or individual takes steps that leave behind potential or actual redress liabilities generated in the course of their regulated activities. To prevent and address this behavior, the FCA expects firms to have adequate financial resources to be able to provide redress as part of complying with Principle 4 (Financial prudence) and the threshold conditions. While there will be occasions when firms are genuinely unable to meet their liabilities, they should not seek to leave their liabilities behind and should provide robust reasons for the actions and decisions they intend to take and be prepared to evidence those. The webpage provides further information on what firms should expect from the FCA if they are required to provide consumer redress, which includes having to take further action to avoid polluter behavior or seek a voluntary requirement that aims to mitigate ongoing harm to consumers or markets. The second webpage explains how to identify and report polluting behavior. The FCA provides six main examples of polluting behavior: (i) basic phoenixing; (ii) lifeboating; (iii) fronting; (iv) sales at an undervalue; (v) restructuring; and (vi) proceeds of sale not being applied to redress. Regulated firms, financial advisers, compliance firms and other financial advice organizations are encouraged to speak out and report to the FCA any firm or individual suspected of providing poor advice, products or services, or attempting to phoenix to avoid their liabilities to consumers. Firms are also expected to carry out thorough due diligence and compliance checks on all advisers they recruit to ensure no poor advice has been given previously.
  • Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 published
    January 14, 2025

    The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 have been published, alongside an explanatory memorandum. The Regulations amend the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 to provide for the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority's supervision and enforcement of requirements imposed by the designated activity regime. The Regulations enable the FCA to supervise designated activities by gathering information and launching investigations into persons carrying out designated activities, and to enforce its designated activity rules by publicly censuring or imposing financial penalties on persons that breach them. It also sets out the procedures that will apply to the giving of directions by the FCA relating to designated activities. In the first instance, the Regulations apply this supervision and enforcement framework to the Consumer Composite Investments (Designated Activities) Regulations 2024 and the Short Selling Regulations 2025. The stated intention is that the framework would also be extended to any future designated activities. The Regulations were made on January 13, 2025, and came into effect on January 14, 2025.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority portfolio letter for credit reference agencies and credit information service providers
    January 10, 2025

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority published a portfolio letter setting out its supervisory strategy for credit reference agencies and credit information service providers. In the letter, the FCA sets out its priority areas for the next two years, which relate to:
    • embedding the consumer duty—the FCA has concerns that the process of raising a data dispute or complaint can be difficult for consumers to navigate. As such the FCA intends to undertake work to understand complaint practices across the portfolio and what actions firms have taken under the duty to improve outcomes. The FCA will also continue to assess how firms are meeting the price and value outcome;
    • cyber resilience—firms should have a forward-looking outlook and remain vigilant to technological advances and emerging threats to be able to anticipate potential system vulnerabilities. Firms should review the systems and controls, oversight, and monitoring arrangements that they currently have in place to ensure they are sufficient to identify weaknesses and vulnerabilities;
    Read more.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority publishes policy statement on further temporary changes to handling rules for motor finance complaints
    December 19, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a policy statement on further temporary changes to handling rules for motor finance complaints. The FCA has extended the time motor finance firms have to respond to motor finance complaints not involving a discretionary commission arrangement. Firms now have until after December 4, 2025, to provide a final response to such complaints received on or after October 26, 2024. Consumers who receive a final response to these complaints have until the later of either 15 months from when the final response is sent, or July 29, 2026, to decide whether to refer their complaint to the Financial Ombudsman Service. The rules broadly mirror those for motor finance DCA commission complaints, which were made in January and subsequently extended in September.

    Read more.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority consults on a new product information framework for consumer composite investments
    December 19, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a consultation on a new product information framework for Consumer Composite Investments. The regime will apply in respect of a CCI which is or may be distributed to a retail investor in the U.K. and seeks to help consumers understand the products they are buying while giving firms flexibility to innovate. The proposals aim to simplify existing requirements, enable better digital communications, and ensure consistency and comparability across the market. The new regime aligns with the Consumer Duty, prioritizing good consumer outcomes. Through the new regime, the FCA wants consumers to: (i) be presented with information that is accurate, understandable, and broadly comparable; (ii) engage with product information and use it in their decision-making process; and (iii) be able to compare investments more effectively and find the best product for their needs more easily. The deadline for comments is March 20, 2025. The FCA plans to publish a further consultation with draft rules for consequential amendments and transitional provisions in early 2025. The FCA also plans to issue a policy statement and final rules in 2025.
  • UK Government responds to Treasury Committee report on SME Finance
    December 12, 2024

    The U.K. government has published its response to the Treasury Committee on access to financing for small businesses. The report, by the Treasury Select Committee of the previous Parliament, made recommendations related to de-banking and the Business Banking Resolution Service. The government makes a number of commitments such as: (i) continued funding for key business support programs in 2025/26; (ii) continued funding for the Help to Grow: Management programme; (iii) extending the SME Digital Adoption Taskforce by at least six months; and (iv) bringing forward a Small Business Strategy Command Paper next year.

    The government also acknowledges the Treasury Committee's concerns about the removal of the SME supporting factor under Basel 3.1 and notes the Prudential Regulation Authority's adjustments in this area, commending the PRA's consideration of feedback and adaptations. On business de-banking, the government agrees that current account closure requirements could be improved and notes that HM Treasury intends to bring forward legislation so customers receive detailed explanations when providers close their accounts and a longer notice period (subject to certain exceptions). It also plans to monitor for evidence of de-banking of legitimate businesses and the work of relevant bodies, including the Financial Conduct Authority. On personal guarantees, the government will take a close interest in the outcomes of the FCA's current investigation into personal guarantees and will continue to monitor for evidence of the effect and proportionality of the use of personal guarantees. On December 9, 2024, the FCA published a webpage on its follow-up work on the Federation of Small Businesses super-complaint concerning the use of personal guarantees by lenders to support loans to small businesses.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority publishes guidance on firms' approaches to Consumer Duty board reports
    December 11, 2024

    The Financial Conduct Authority has published its findings following a thematic review into firms' approaches to completing the first annual Consumer Duty board report. Under the Duty, a firm must prepare a report for its governing body setting out the results of its monitoring of consumer outcomes and any actions required as a result of the monitoring.

    The FCA findings related to four key areas: (i) report governance; (ii) monitoring and outcomes; (iii) actions taken to comply with Duty obligations; and (iv) future business strategy. Overall, the FCA found that the best reports were structured in a way that made it easy to scrutinize the key aspects and highlighted the following elements of good reports: (i) clear outcomes focus; (ii) good quality data to back up conclusions (including good quality management information); (iii) analysis of different customer types including those with characteristics of vulnerability; (iv) clear processes for reviewing, approving and producing reports within the necessary timeframe; and (v) firm focus on culture, noting the role of a positive culture in delivering good outcomes.

    On December 9, 2024, the FCA set out its priorities under the Consumer Duty for the remainder of 2024 and for 2025.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority publishes findings of thematic review into firms' approaches to complaints and root cause analysis
    December 11, 2024

    The Financial Conduct Authority has published the findings of a thematic review into firms' approaches to complaints and root cause analysis. The FCA completed the thematic review to support effective embedding and implementation of the Consumer Duty. Overall, the FCA found that firms have established processes for carrying out root cause analysis of complaints, identifying trends and themes, and that most firms could evidence clear escalation routes and accountability.

    Read more.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority writes to Treasury Committee on the FCA's regulatory perimeter
    December 10, 2024

    The House of Commons Treasury Committee has published a letter (dated December 6, 2024) from Nikhil Rathi, Chief Executive of the Financial Conduct Authority, regarding the FCA's perimeter report. In the letter, Mr. Rathi explains that he is keen to maintain transparency about the actions the FCA is taking on the perimeter and sees the December report as a refreshed opportunity for the FCA to discuss with both HM Treasury and the Treasury Committee some of the current strategic gaps in the overall U.K. legislative framework.

    The letter refers to various longstanding concerns including:
    • whether investment consultants should be within the perimeter, especially since the liability-driven investment crisis.
    • the issue of SME lending and the FCA's keenness to work with the government to reform the Consumer Credit Act 1974.
    • the continued risks of harm where principals do not adequately oversee the activities of their appointed representatives.
    • where the perimeter should lie in relation to sports and non-financial spread-betting. In the FCA's view, an alternative framework for sports spread-betting could be more tailored to the risks of sports gambling.
    The FCA published its updated perimeter report on December 9, 2024.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority sets out focus areas for Consumer Duty
    December 9, 2024

    The Financial Conduct Authority has set out its priorities under the Consumer Duty for the remainder of 2024 and for 2025. The FCA's priorities include embedding the Consumer Duty and raising standards, enhancing understanding of the price and value outcome, and realizing the benefits of the Consumer Duty. Expected FCA outputs include:
     
    • By the end of Q1 2025, a review of board/governing body reports and complaints, a review of the treatment of customers in vulnerable circumstances, and a review of the consumer support outcome and supporting informed decision-making.
    • H1 2025, publish the findings of a "digital journeys assessment" considering whether firms' digital tools sufficiently help consumers to understand credit agreements.
    • H1 2025, consult on rules for better support for consumers in retail investments and pensions as a part of the advice guidance boundary review.
    Read more.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority updates its perimeter report
    December 9, 2024

    The Financial Conduct Authority has updated its perimeter report. The report describes issues the FCA has identified with its regulatory perimeter and the action it is taking in response.

    One new issue identified is in relation to investment trust cost disclosure. On November 22, 2024, the Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products (Retail Disclosure) (Amendment) Regulations 2024 (SI 2024/1204) came into force, excluding closed-ended U.K.-listed investment funds from the disclosure requirements in the U.K. Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products Regulation and U.K. Markets in Financial Instruments Organisation Regulation. The FCA reminds these firms that they remain within the wider regulatory perimeter and are subject to the Consumer Duty and conduct of business requirements to communicate in a manner that is fair, clear and not misleading.

    The second issue identified is in relation to an exclusion from the regulatory perimeter for trustees acting in the course of discharging their general obligations. The FCA has identified a number of instances where consumers have lost money when their trusts have been invested in opaque, high-risk investments which have subsequently failed through a trust structure. The FCA welcomes wider consideration about the circumstances when exclusions, including for unregulated trustees, could be disapplied to enable the FCA to have greater oversight.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority Supports Expedition of Appeals of Motor Finance Decisions
    December 3, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a letter addressed to the Supreme Court regarding the applications for permission to appeal to the SC and requests for expedition in the recent motor finance commission judgments. On October 25, 2024, the Court of Appeal handed down its judgment in three related appeals regarding a lenders' liability to a consumer in the context of a credit broking arrangement—Johnson v FirstRand Bank Ltd (London Branch) (t/a MotoNovo Finance) [2024] EWCA Civ 1282. Allowing all three appeals, the CA stated that there was a fiduciary relationship between the dealer and the consumer. In addition, the court stated that there was a conflict of interest and the consumers had not given fully informed consent to the commission to be paid by the lender to the dealer. In two of the cases, the CA found that the commission had not been disclosed to the consumer and was secret, meaning that the lender was liable. In the other case, the CA found that the partial disclosure negated secrecy, meaning that the lender was liable only as an accessory to the breach of the fiduciary relationship. These transparency requirements go further than the FCA's current rules on commission disclosure. Permission to appeal to the SC decision has since been made.

    Read more.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority Policy Statement on Changes to Financial Crime Guide
    November 29, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a policy statement on changes to its financial crime guide, following its consultation in April. The changes cover the following areas: (i) sanctions—to reflect information learnt from assessments of firms' sanctions' systems and controls following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022; (ii) proliferation financing—to ensure that proliferation financing is explicitly referenced throughout the guide, where appropriate. This includes highlighting a 2022 change to the MLRs, which requires firms to conduct proliferation financing risk assessments; (iii) transaction monitoring—to provide further guidance on how firms can implement and monitor transaction monitoring systems. This includes supporting responsible innovation and new technological approaches; (iv) cryptoasset businesses—to make clear that cryptoasset businesses registered under the MLRs should refer to the guide; (v) Consumer Duty—to clarify that firms should consider whether their systems and controls are consistent with their obligations under the Duty; and (vi) consequential changes—includes replacing expired links, updating outdated references to EU rules and refreshing case studies based on more recent FCA enforcement notices.

    Read more.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority Discusses Strategy for 2025 to 2030
    November 26, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a speech by Emily Shepperd, FCA Chief Operating Officer, on the FCA's strategy for 2025 to 2030. In the speech, Ms. Shepperd sets out the four main themes of the FCA's strategy. Ms. Shepperd emphasises that trust in both the FCA and the financial services sector underpins these themes and will be crucial as the FCA looks to pursue growth, alongside ensuring proportionality in regulation and encouraging innovation. She also explains that the FCA has decided to set its ambitions on 2030, a five-year strategy, learning from its first 3-year strategy that it takes time to deliver and cement change.

    Read more.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority Consults on Further Temporary Changes to Handling Rules for Motor Finance Complaints
    November 21, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a consultation on further temporary changes to handling rules for motor finance complaints. The FCA explains that following the Court of Appeal's recent judgment on motor finance commission, it is proposing new complaint handling rules. It is likely that the judgment will result in an increase in motor finance non-discretionary-commission-arrangement (non-DCA) commission complaints. This will create additional pressures on firms and the Financial Ombudsman Service. The FCA therefore considers that there is a strong case for introducing complaint handling rules that give firms extra time to deal with motor finance non-DCA commission complaints not currently covered by the DCA complaint handling rules. Extending the time firms have to deal with these complaints will also allow time to see the outcome of any appeals for permission to appeal the Court of Appeal's judgment to the Supreme Court.

    Read more.
  • HM Treasury Publishes Consumer Composite Investments (Designated Activities) Regulations 2024
    November 21, 2024

    HM Treasury has published the Consumer Composite Investments (Designated Activities) Regulations 2024, together with an Explanatory Memorandum.

    The Regulations: (i) replace assimilated law in relation to the Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products Regulation, establishing a new legislative framework for the regulation of Consumer Composite Investments, formerly PRIIPs; (ii) define key concepts including a CCI and retail investor to support interpretation, tailoring definitions established in the PRIIPs Regulation to U.K. markets and law; (iii) specify activities relating to CCIs as designated activities for the purposes of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 and provide the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority rule-making and certain supervision and enforcement powers to enable it to set the regulatory provisions that apply to persons carrying out designated activities relating to CCIs; (iv) make transitional provisions and consequential amendments to other legislation to ensure the CCI regime remains operable; and (v) establish civil liability for breaches of FCA rules made under the Regulations. The provisions providing the FCA with the necessary powers to make rules, give directions or guidance, and issue statements of policy come into force on November 22, 2024. The remaining provisions come into force on the day on which the revocation of the U.K. PRIIPs Regulation comes into force.
  • International Organization of Securities Commissions Publishes Roadmap to Enhance Retail Investor Online Safety
    November 19, 2024

    The International Organization of Securities Commissions has launched a new roadmap for retail investor online safety. The strategic initiative aims to safeguard retail investors worldwide from fraud, excessive risk, and misinformation as digital trading and social media reshape the retail financial market.

    Read more.
  • Mansion House: UK Financial Conduct Authority and Financial Ombudsman Service Call for Input on Modernizing the Redress System
    November 15, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority and the Financial Ombudsman Service have launched a joint call for input on modernizing the redress system. The two main concerns of the FCA and the FOS are mass redress events and FCA-FOS cooperation. Mass redress events occur when there are large numbers of complaints about the same issue. If mass redress events involve sudden and unexpected increases in complaints, this creates operational difficulties for both firms and the FOS and delays for the consumers. In some cases, they can lead to disorderly firm failures with costs absorbed by the rest of the industry through the Financial Services Compensation Scheme levy or, if there is no FSCS cover, by consumers in lost redress.

    The FCA and the FOS are hoping to better understand: (i) how the current redress framework could be modernized; (ii) the problems that mass redress events and the redress system in general cause firms, consumers, and their representatives; (iii) what changes could be made to the redress framework to enable the FCA and the FOS to better identify and manage mass redress events to ensure better outcomes for consumers, firms, and the market; (iv) what changes could be made to how the FCA and the FOS work together to ensure their views on regulatory requirements are consistent; and (v) if there need to be any changes for complaints brought to the FOS by professional representatives such as complaints management companies. The call for input considers a number of short-, medium-, and long-term options that may address the issues identified. The deadline for responses is January 30, 2025. The FCA and the FOS intend to set out next steps in H1 2025.
  • Mansion House: UK Financial Conduct Authority Feedback on Advice Guidance Boundary Review and Next Steps
    November 15, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published feedback to its December 2023 advice guidance boundary review. The review included a number of proposals to improve how people can access help with their pensions and retail investments.

    The FCA highlights that: (i) most respondents agreed that the FCA's proposals are a positive step towards improving consumer outcomes and agreed with the proposals outlined in the paper; (ii) the Financial Services Consumer Panel challenged the FCA to realize the full ambition of this review and encouraged the FCA to keep an open mind on what may be needed to achieve the strategic aims of the review; and (iii) there was concern about the risks of developing new forms of regulated help, including the need to ensure people fully understood the support they were being offered and what protections would be provided.

    The FCA plans to consult: (a) in December on targeted support for pensions savers; and (b) in H1 2025 on draft FCA rules to apply across retail investments and pensions. The FCA has also issued a joint statement with the Pensions Regulator and the Information Commissioner's Office to provide guidance to firms on communicating with their pensions and retail investments customers.
  • UK Financial Ombudsman Service Publishes Feedback to Consultation on Charging Claims Management Companies and other Professional Representatives
    November 15, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Ombudsman Service published a feedback statement to its consultation on its proposals to charge fees to claims management companies and other professional representatives. The statement summarizes the feedback and provides a high-level summary of the FOS's response to the feedback received.

    The FOS proposes to, broadly as consulted on: (i) continue with the option to implement a fee of £250 per case, reducing to £75 where the case is determined in favor of the complainant represented by the CMC; (ii) avoid vested financial interest in the outcome of any individual complaint by reducing the fee payable by the respondent firm by £175 where the complaint is not successfully upheld against them. The FOS would retain £75 in every case, regardless of outcome, as this broadly equates to the cost of setting the case up on its systems; (iii) increase the free case limit from three to ten per financial year for each CMC, so they could test cases raising new issues and learn from them; with a view to this informing their own due diligence for subsequent cases of that type which they may wish to bring; (iv) utilize fees gathered to improve its outreach and engagement; and (v) implement the arrangements as soon as possible, subject to Parliamentary and U.K. Financial Conduct Authority stages, which the FOS now accepts is likely to be early 2025. The recent General Election means that the FOS is still awaiting the necessary secondary legislation to advance proposals. Depending on the outcome of the relevant approvals required, the FOS will publish a separate policy statement in due course, upon further development of the affirmative procedure by Parliament and appropriate final consideration by the FCA. On November 19, 2024 the FOS published a letter sent to the FCA to confirm the FO's position.
  • UK High Court Finds London Capital & Finance Plc to be a Ponzi Scheme
    November 14, 2024

    The U.K. High Court has handed down judgement in the civil case of London Capital & Finance Plc (in administration) and others v Michael Andrew Thomson and others [2024] EWHC 2894 (Ch). London Capital & Finance was an investment firm regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. It was also registered as an ISA manager with HM Revenue and Customs. LCF collapsed into administration in 2019, resulting in losses of around £237 million to around 11,500 mostly retail investors. LCF and its administrators brought a civil claim against those responsible for running and administering LCF's business, alleging (among other things) that: (i) representations made to LCF bondholders regarding LCF's activities were false; (ii) the defendants misappropriated sums of over £136 million from LCF and/or associated companies; and (iii) LCF was operated as a Ponzi scheme and as a result, the defendants were knowingly party to fraudulent trading and should be liable to compensate the claimants for their losses.

    The court found for that: (i) LCF had made misrepresentations which amounted to fraudulent conduct of business; (ii) there had been fraudulent misappropriation of LCF's assets; and (iii) LCF had been operated fraudulently as a Ponzi scheme. As a result, the defendants were liable to LCF for knowing participation in the fraudulent conduct of LCF's business and LCF and its administrators had established equitable proprietary claims against certain of the defendants. A subsequent hearing will be held to decide the level of compensation payable by the defendants.

    Read more.
  • Mansion House 2024
    November 14, 2024

    Rachel Reeves, the U.K. Chancellor has set out a package of reforms in her Mansion House speech. The reforms aim to drive growth and competitiveness in financial services. Ms. Reeves stated that the regulatory changes post-financial crisis created a system which sought to eliminate risk-taking that 'has gone too far' and has led to unintended consequences. Ms. Reeves hopes to maintain the U.K.'s high regulatory standards while rebalancing elements of the regulatory system to drive economic growth and competitiveness. 

    Read more.
  • Mansion House: Call for Evidence on Credit Union Common Bond Reform
    November 14, 2024

    HM Treasury has published a call for evidence on credit union common bond reform, which is part of the latest Mansion House reforms. The government is seeking views on the merits of and considerations for changing parts of the common bond requirement for membership of a credit union in Great Britain, under the Credit Unions Act 1979. The call for evidence is motivated by a wish to help credit unions grow sustainably and ensure that this aspect of the legislative framework for credit unions is fit for the 21st century. The call for evidence only seeks views on the common bond for credit unions in England, Wales, and Scotland. This is because responsibility for credit unions in Northern Ireland is a devolved matter for the Northern Ireland Executive. Responses may be submitted until March 6, 2025. Following the call for evidence, HM Treasury plans to publish a summary of responses and its proposed next steps, which may include a consultation on specific proposals.
  • Mansion House: Report on Mutuals Sector Landscape Requested from FCA and PRA
    November 14, 2024

    HM Treasury has published two letters from Tulip Siddiq, Economic Secretary to the Treasury sent to the CEOs of the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority requesting a report on the current mutuals landscape before the end of 2025. Ms. Siddiq explains that the request is part of the government's commitment to unlock the full potential of the mutual and cooperative sector in the U.K. and the importance of effective and proportional regulation in supporting this. She explains that the reports will aid the government and regulators' consideration of how best to support the mutuals sector to drive inclusive growth across the U.K., a key part of the latest Mansion House reforms. The letters also request a response from the regulators setting out their next steps in engaging with the request.
  • Draft Regulations on the UK Designated Activities Regime
    November 11, 2024

    A draft version of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2024, together with an explanatory memorandum, have been laid before Parliament. The designated activities regime is a new U.K. concept to give the Financial Conduct Authority rulemaking powers over financial sector activities, such as public offers and listing, which are not necessarily carried out by regulated firms such as banks. We discussed the DAR in our bulletin, "Financial Services and Markets Bill: The Designated Activities Regime in the UK".

    The Regulations will amend the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 with regard to the FCA's supervision and enforcement of DAR requirements. They enable the FCA to supervise designated activities by gathering information and launching investigations into persons carrying out designated activities, and to enforce its designated activity rules by publicly censuring or imposing financial penalties on persons that breach them. They also set out the procedures that will apply to the FCA giving directions concerning designated activities. The Regulations have been laid before Parliament and will enter into force on the day after they are made.
  • UK Treasury Committee Call for Evidence on Acceptance of Cash
    November 5, 2024

    The Treasury Committee has launched a call for evidence as it examines whether rules are needed to govern the acceptance of physical cash in the U.K. The Committee explains that the Bank of England has noted that the decline in cash usage is increasing the infrastructure costs of retaining physical cash as a viable payment method, which could lead to disruption for businesses and consumers. Meanwhile, there is a concern that cash is still being used by and is essential for certain vulnerable groups to make payments, and that the U.K. becoming over reliant on digital payments could have an impact on financial stability.

    Questions in the call for evidence include:
    • Whether there are groups in society that disproportionately rely on using cash.
    • What practical challenges and costs businesses may face from a requirement to accept cash.
    • Whether any sectors would face problems by a decline in cash acceptance.

    The deadline for responses is December 2, 2024.
  • HM Treasury Post-Implementation Reviews on SME Credit Information and Finance Platforms Regulations
    October 30, 2024

    Alongside the U.K government's Autumn Budget delivered on October 30, 2024, HM Treasury has published two post-implementation reviews relating to small- and medium-sized enterprise credit.

    The first review is of the Small and Medium Sized Business (Credit Information) Regulations 2015. These Regulations established commercial credit data sharing (CCDS), which aimed to lower the barriers to entry in the SME credit market by improving the availability of SMEs' credit data amongst lenders to reduce information asymmetries and therefore enable newer lenders to differentiate high and low risk SME borrowers.

    The second review is of the Small and Medium Sized Business (Finance Platforms) Regulations 2015. These regulations established the bank referral scheme, placing an obligation on designated banks to refer SME business customers that they reject for finance to platforms that can match the SME with alternative finance providers.

    In both reviews, HMT concludes that the schemes have broadly met their stated objectives, although the reviews identify areas where improvements could be made. In particular, feedback on the CCDS suggests that it may not be sufficiently flexible in responding to market changes such as the introduction of new products and the withdrawal of older products with low take-up. Similarly, feedback on the bank referral scheme suggests that participants in the scheme may experience frictions in the referrals process, which could be the result of significant differences in the way that designated banks have implemented referrals under the bank referral scheme. HMT plans to consult in spring 2025 on how it can further enhance the Credit Information Regulations and the Finance Platforms Regulations.
  • FCA Financial Promotions Quarterly Data 2024 Q3
    October 25, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published its financial promotions quarterly data for Q3 2024. The FCA summarizes the data collected between July 1 and September 30, 2024 and the action it took against firms breaching financial promotion rules, and referrals and investigations into unregulated activity. The FCA also shows where it is working to improve standards across the market so that consumers are provided with clear and fair financial promotions which are not misleading.

    Key messages include:
    • the FCA's interventions in Q3 resulted in 10,593 promotions being amended or withdrawn by authorized firms, including one firm who withdrew 6,792 promotions, many of which were historical promotions withdrawn as a precaution;
    • the FCA issued 552 alerts on unauthorized firms and individuals, 12% of which were clone scams;
    • the cryptoasset financial promotions regime came into force on October 8, 2023 and has now been live for a year. Over the last year the FCA has issued 1,702 consumer alerts about illegal crypto promotions, which has resulted in the take down of over 900 scam crypto websites and the removal of 56 apps from U.K. apps stores. The FCA are continuing to work with social media companies to remove and block illegal content on their platforms; and
    • the FCA is actively engaging with firms who appear to be providing and advertising unauthorized debt advice and debt solutions to consumers via online promotions. The FCA continues to observe trends of aggressive sponsored promotions placed by unauthorized firms, particularly through TikTok and paid-for Google advertisements.
    For more information on the issues and developments relating to FinTech, see our blog A&O Shearman on fintech and digital assets.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority Publishes Portfolio Letters Setting Out Key Concerns and Priorities for 2025
    October 25, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a series of portfolio letters it has sent to: (i) lifetime mortgage providers, which includes firms that provide lifetime mortgages, home reversion and later life lending products; (ii) non-bank mortgage lenders and mortgage third-party administrators; (iii) retail banks; and (iv) building societies, in each case setting out its key concerns and priorities in respect of each such portfolio in 2025.

    The letters explain that the FCA plans to engage with relevant firms on their cultures and controls, focusing on the following consistent priority areas: (a) the Consumer Duty and for non-bank mortgage lenders, mortgage third-party administrators, retail banks and building societies, the treatment of customers in financial difficulty; (b) financial resilience (for non-dual regulated firms); (c) operational resilience; (d) financial crime and fraud; and (e) sustainable finance. For retail banks and building societies, the FCA identifies access as an additional priority; as firms transform their channels, products and services, it is vital that consumers are not unreasonably or unlawfully excluded from payment accounts and banking services.

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  • UK Financial Conduct Authority Speech on Vulnerability in the Wealth Management Sector
    October 24, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a speech by Graeme Reynolds, director of competition on addressing vulnerability in the wealth management sector. Mr Reynolds discusses the good and bad practices that have been observed through its supervisory work. He sets out the FCA's key expectations for firms with regards to vulnerable customers, which include: (i) to have processes in place to recognize those who may need more help or who are engaging with services which may not meet their needs; (ii) to consider why people are using products and services, what the client's goals are, and how the "client journey" that firms provide supports the realisation of those goals; (iii) to issue clear, easily understood communications and promotions to enable people to make informed decisions, tailoring them where necessary; (iv) to develop well trained, empathetic client service taking account of the fact that vulnerabilities and circumstances may change and that the firm might need to adapt in response; (v) to think pragmatically and proportionately about what a 'good' client outcome is for those using a service; (vi) to use data to test whether clients are, in fact, in the target market, and receiving the service intended; and (vii) to digest FCA publications on how the Consumer Duty and vulnerability guidance is being implemented elsewhere, considering what lessons are relevant.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority Multi-Firm Review of Consumer Credit Firms and Non-Bank Mortgage Lenders
    October 23, 2024
    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published its review of consumer credit firms and other non-bank lenders as the latest chapter in its ongoing supervisory focus on financial resilience. While the review specifically considered financial resilience, it is interesting to note that, where shortcomings were identified, they stem from common systemic issues that can impact a firm’s whole business model, in particular failure to effectively:
    • Identify all of the risks to the business;
    • Set risk appetite and establish appropriate systems and controls; and
    • Undertake adequate stress testing and establish a proper wind down plan.
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  • HM Treasury Consults on Regulating Buy Now Pay Later
    October 17, 2024

    HM Treasury has begun consulting on draft legislation regulating Buy Now Pay Later. HM Treasury is proposing to bring forward secondary legislation that would bring BNPL into Financial Conduct Authority regulation as soon as possible. The consultation sets out HM Treasury's intended policy approach to regulation along with the draft legislation. HM Treasury explains that the proposed legislation aims to ensure people using BNPL products receive clear information, avoid unaffordable borrowing, and have strong rights when issues arise. 

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  • UK Financial Ombudsman Service Updates Guidance on Handling Complaints Concerning APP Fraud, Scams and Fraud
    October 17, 2024

    The Financial Ombudsman Service has published updated versions of its guidance for businesses on: (i) handling complaints concerning Authorized Push Payment fraud and other scams involving authorized payments or withdrawals; and (ii) handling complaints concerning fraud and scams. The FOS's updated guidance reflects the new rules introduced, with effect from October 7, 2024, on Faster Payments and CHAPS APP fraud reimbursement.
  • Draft UK Building Societies Act 1986 (Modifications) Order 2024 Published
    October 14, 2024

    The draft Building Societies Act 1986 (Modifications) Order 2024 has been published, together with an explanatory memorandum. The Order amends Parts 7 and 8 of the Building Societies Act 1986 to assimilate the law relating to building societies and to companies concerning directors' retirement and balance sheet signature following modification of the statutory provisions in force in relation to companies. The draft Order will amend: (i) sections 60 and 61 of the Building Societies Act to remove all references to the normal retirement age or the compulsory retirement age for directors, as stated in the 1986 Act. This will update the 1986 Act in line with the Companies Act 2006, where there are no longer corresponding restrictions for company directors; and (ii) section 80(1) of the 1986 Act so that the current requirement for the balance sheet of a building society to be signed by two directors and the CEO is changed to allow one director to sign the balance sheet on behalf of the board. This amendment aims to modernize the 1986 Act, aligning the provisions with section 414(1) of the Companies Act 2006. This would reduce a small but unnecessary burden for building societies, providing building societies with the equivalent accounts sign-off procedures as to companies. The draft Order will come into force 21 days after the day on which it is made.
  • UK Building Societies Act 1986 (Amendment of Small Business Turnover Limit) Order 2024 Published
    October 14, 2024

    The Building Societies Act 1986 (Amendment of Small Business Turnover Limit) Order 2024 has been published, together with an explanatory memorandum. The Order amends section 7(10) and (11) of the Building Societies Act 1986 to increase the turnover limit in a relevant financial year for the definition of a small business in section 7(10) of the Act from £1 million to £6.5 million. It also makes a corresponding amendment to the reference to the equivalent limit in any other currency in subsection (11)(c). Under section 7(1) and (2) of the Building Societies Act, subject to some exclusions, building societies are required to raise at least 50 per cent of their funding from members' deposits; the rest can be raised from other sources, known as wholesale funding. Deposits by small businesses with a society, or any subsidiary undertaking of the society, are excluded from the wholesale funding limit by section 7(3)(aa). By amending the definition of a small business in section 7(10) of the Building Societies Act, the Order will exclude a larger range of deposits with building societies by small businesses from the funding limit, thereby providing building societies with greater flexibility in their funding sources. This amendment will also help building societies compete more effectively with ring-fenced retail banks for deposits from small businesses. The proposed new small business turnover limit of £6.5 million is already used to classify the smaller businesses whose deposits must be held within the ringfence. The Order comes into force on November 4, 2024.
  • Draft UK Consumer Composite Investments (Designated Activities) Regulations 2024 Published
    October 10, 2024

    The draft Consumer Composite Investments (Designated Activities) Regulations 2024 have been published, together with an explanatory memorandum. The Regulations establish a proposed new legislative framework for the regulation of Consumer Composite Investments, formerly Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products. They replace the following assimilated law relating to PRIIPs: (i) the PRIIPs Regulation; (ii) the PRIIPs Regulations 2017; (iii) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/653; and (iv) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1904. The Regulations take into account feedback that HM Treasury received on the original version of the draft statutory instrument, which was published for technical comments in November 2023.

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  • UK Financial Conduct Authority Publishes Dear CEO letter for Financial Advisers and Investment Intermediaries
    October 7, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a Dear CEO Letter setting out its supervisory strategy for financial advisers and investment intermediaries. The FCA's priorities over the next two years are reducing and preventing serious harm to consumers who rely on financial advice, monitoring and testing higher industry standards under the Consumer Duty, and enabling more consumers to pursue their financial objectives through the Advice Guidance Boundary Review.

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  • Draft UK Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products (Retail Disclosure) (Amendment) Regulations 2024 Published
    October 7, 2024

    The draft Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products (Retail Disclosure) (Amendment) Regulations 2024 have been published, together with an explanatory memorandum. The Regulations make transitional amendments to the onshored Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products Regulation and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/565 (the MiFID Org Regulation), relating to cost disclosure requirements for U.K.-listed closed-ended funds (or "investment trusts"). The single aggregate costs figure currently being supplied to clients is not deemed to give an accurate representation of the actual cost of investment in shares in an investment trust. The draft Regulations therefore exclude investment trusts from the scope of the PRIIPs Regulation, meaning investment trusts (and anyone advising on or selling shares in them) will not be obliged to produce a Key Information Document. The draft Regulations also exclude costs of manufacturing and managing shares in a U.K.-listed investment trust from the aggregated cost disclosure requirements in the MiFID Org Regulation. The Regulations will come into force the day after the day on which they are made.

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  • UK Conduct Authority Clarifies Forbearance for Investment Trust Disclosure Requirements Under PRIIPs Regulation
    September 30, 2024

    The Financial Conduct Authority has updated its statement on forbearance in relation to investment trust disclosure requirements under the U.K.'s current Packaged Retail and Insurance-Based Investment Products Regulation. The Government announced earlier in September its intention to exempt listed investment trusts from the PRIIPs Regulation along with a statement on reforms to the U.K. retail disclosure regime through the introduction of Consumer Composite Investments regime. At the same time, the FCA announced it would immediately apply forbearance until the legislation takes effect. We discussed the earlier announcements by HM Treasury and the FCA in "UK Announces Final Reforms to Financial Services Retail Disclosure Requirements".

    The updated forbearance statement provides great clarity on the implication of the forbearance as regards compliance by firms with other rules and regulations, including the Consumer Duty and communicating to consumers. The FCA confirms that the forbearance applies along the distribution chain to any firm carrying on business relating to the relevant investment trusts, including manufacturing, distribution or marketing. The FCA states that firms across the distribution chain will need to consider what approach will deliver good outcomes for their retail clients, including the product information needed to support retail investors.

    The FCA expects firms in the distribution chain for securities issued by investment trusts to work together to determine and share the required information to enable the continued distribution of these products, in compliance with their more general obligations towards retail investors, in particular under the Consumer Duty.
  • UK Announces Final Reforms to Financial Services Retail Disclosure Requirements
    September 19, 2024

    Post Brexit, the U.K. Government and Financial Conduct Authority are committed to the ongoing reform programme to reinvigorate the U.K.'s capital markets. As part of this, the Government and FCA are committed to replacing EU-inherited consumer cost disclosure regulation with a new framework tailored to U.K. markets and firms, and removing the legal uncertainties that arose from the EU Packaged Retail and Insurance-Based Investment Products Regulation, particularly as to the scope of instruments captured. HM Treasury and the FCA have announced final plans to reform U.K. retail disclosure rules. HM Treasury plans to replace the EU-inherited PRIIPs Regulation with a new framework for Consumer Composite Investments (CCIs). HM Treasury aims to lay legislation as soon as possible to provide the FCA with the appropriate powers to deliver this reform. The new CCI regime will deliver more tailored and flexible rules which will address concerns across industry with current disclosure requirements, including for costs.

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  • UK Payment Systems Authority Consults on Draft Statement of Policy on its Cost Benefit Analysis Framework
    September 18, 2024

    The Payment Systems Authority has published a consultation paper on a draft statement of policy on its cost benefit analysis (CBA) framework. The draft statement builds on and replaces the draft CBA framework published earlier this year, and explains the PSR's approach to CBAs and how the CBA framework in this document helps the PSR develop policies with a positive impact. The draft statement of policy also:
    • Sets out the purposes of the PSR's CBAs and how it sees them being applied in the most useful way.
    • Explains the typical circumstances in which the PSR develops and publishes CBAs.
    • Presents the scope and high-level methodology of the PSR's CBAs, including the questions it tries to answer and how the PSR goes about answering them.
    • Describes how the PSR develops CBAs.

    The deadline for comments is November 3, 2024. The PSR aims to publish its final statement of policy at the end of the year.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority Review of Implementation of Price and Value Outcome Under Consumer Duty
    September 18, 2024

    The Financial Conduct Authority has published its findings from the first year of the implementation of the price and value outcome under the Consumer Duty. The specific focus of the price and value outcome rules is to ensure that the price a customer pays for a product or service is reasonable compared to the overall benefits they receive. Firms are expected to think about price when assessing fair value, but it should not be the sole consideration. The FCA rules do not set prices, require prices to be low or require firms to charge the same as competitors. However, the FCA requires firms to assess whether they are providing fair value and act if they are not.

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  • UK Financial Conduct Authority Publishes Update on Cash Savings Market
    September 18, 2024

    The Financial Conduct Authority has published an update on progress in the cash savings market. This update provides further detail on how the cash savings market has developed since the FCA's update in December 2023. Specifically, the update considers the progress that has been made in respect of the points identified by the FCA in its July 2023 Review. In this update, the FCA identifies eight FCA-specific actions that should be helpful for all firms which offer cash savings products and highlights areas where it expects to see further improvements.

    Since publication of the review, the FCA has seen improvements in both the rates available to savers and the volume and timing of firms' communications to savings customers. However, despite these improvements, the review of fair value assessments has shown that many firms have found the assessment of value challenging and the largest firms generally continue to pay below the market average for standard easy access products. The FCA reminds firms that they should be carefully reviewing its good and poor practice examples. The FCA also expects firms to improve fair value assessments over time and the FCA will take appropriate action where it considers this is not the case.

    The FCA will continue to closely monitor firms' future savings rate changes and will expect a clear explanation where it identifies that a firm has changed its savings rates significantly more quickly and fully in response to interest rate reductions, compared to previous interest rate increases. The FCA explains that while it will continue to monitor how well the savings market is operating, it does not anticipate providing further savings updates unless it identifies further market-wide concerns not addressed within this publication.
  • UK Financial Conduct Authority Consults on New Regulatory Reporting Return for Consumer Credit Firms
    September 12, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a consultation paper on a new regulatory reporting return for consumer credit firms engaging in any one, or more, of the regulated activities of credit broking, providing credit information services, debt adjusting and debt counselling services. If introduced, the new return will replace some of the existing returns for these activities. The return will include the following five mandatory sections of questions for all firms in scope: (i) permissions – regarding the regulated activities firms have undertaken in the past 12 months; (ii) business model – regarding the financial products, goods, and/or services that firms are providing; (iii) marketing – regarding the channels firms are using to target consumers; (iv) revenue – total revenue from credit-related activities and non-credit related activities; and (v) employees – regarding the number of employees and incentive and remuneration arrangements. Firms will then be presented tailored questions specific to the relevant permissions they hold. The FCA hopes to receive more detailed, accurate, and consistent data from firms through the proposed return, as well as simplifying the experience for firms. This should enable the FCA to accurately identify how firms are using their permissions so that it can better understand which firms are engaging in activities with a higher risk of harm to consumers and how these risks are changing over time. The data will also help the FCA to identify earlier firms that aren't using their permissions and no longer require authorisation. The deadline for comments is October 31, 2024. The FCA intends to publish a final policy statement in Spring 2025. The FCA proposes that the first reporting period will cover January 1 to December 31, 2025. There will be no change to the reporting frequency for firms.
  • Financial Conduct Authority Publishes Call for Input on Requirements Following Introduction of the Consumer Duty
    July 29, 2024

    The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a Call for Input on the potential for simplification of existing FCA retail conduct rules and guidance in light of the Consumer Duty. The Consumer Duty was required to be fully implemented by firms by July 31, 2024. The Call for Input responds to concerns voiced by industry about the length and complexity of the FCA's rules and guidance, which in some cases have been found to overlap with the Consumer Duty.

    Read more.
     
  • Financial Conduct Authority Policy Statement on Rules for Access to Cash
    July 24, 2024

    The Financial Conduct Authority has published a policy statement on the final rules and guidance for a new regulatory regime to support access to cash for the consumers and businesses that rely on it, along with a research note setting out empirical analysis of characteristics associated with cash reliance in the U.K. The policy statement also summarizes the responses the FCA received to its December consultation paper (CP23/29). Overall, most respondents supported the need for a new regulatory regime to protect access to cash. However, on certain issues, there were diverging views between consumer groups and different industry respondents, and the FCA received some challenge on specific rules.

    In response to the feedback, the FCA has made changes to the rules it consulted on, including extending the period for banks and building societies to carry out cash access assessments and giving local communities more time to make their case. Firms will also be able to review the provision of identified cash services after two years. In addition, the FCA is providing an eight-week implementation period between publishing the policy statement and the new regime coming into force on September 18, 2024. This is designed to give designated entities time to familiarize themselves with the rules and establish the necessary processes to comply with them.

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