The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published two consultations on its draft guidance for firms on mortgages and safeguarding customers’ funds during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 
The first consultation relates to the FCA’s proposed guidance on how mortgage lenders should treat customers coming to the end of a payment holiday or those yet to request one. The timeframe for customers who have not yet benefited from a payment holiday to apply for one will be extended to October 31, 2020. The current ban on house repossessions will also be extended to October 31, 2020.

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The U.K. Government has published the U.K. Corporate Governance and Insolvency Bill. The Bill amends aspects of insolvency and company law to assist firms struggling to cope with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The measures include:
 

• A new moratorium giving companies breathing space from creditors while they investigate rescue options;
• A prohibition on contractual termination upon insolvency clauses, preventing suppliers from refusing to supply goods while a company is going through a rescue process;
• A temporary removal of liability for wrongful trading for company directors who try to keep their businesses operating through the pandemic;
• A temporary prohibition on the filing of statutory demands and winding up petitions by creditors; and
• Temporary permission for companies to hold closed Annual General Meetings.

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The EU Single Resolution Board has published a revised policy on minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities. The policy is applicable to Eurozone banks and reflects the changes made in 2019 to the EU Banking Package (which includes the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive, the Capital Requirements Regulation and the Capital Requirements Directive).

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The EU Single Resolution Board has published a revised policy on minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities. The policy is applicable to Eurozone banks and reflects the changes made in 2019 to the EU Banking Package (which includes the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive, the Capital Requirements Regulation and the Capital Requirements Directive). 

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The European Banking Authority has published a report on the links between recovery and resolution planning for EU credit institutions and investment firms subject to the EU Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive.
 
BRRD sets out the actions that must be taken where EU credit institutions and certain EU investment firms run into financial difficulty. Recovery and resolution are the BRRD “crisis preparation tools” designed, in the case of recovery, by the firm itself to help the firm recover from a severe stress scenario and, in the case of resolution, by the resolution authority where recovery is no longer viable and resolution action must be taken. The EBA notes that, while the two processes are separate, they are related and recovery may often lead to resolution. By assessing links between planning for each process, synergies could be maximized and material inconsistencies addressed to ensure a more effective application of the regime.

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The European Securities and Markets Authority has published a statement calling for transparency in the half-year financial reports of EU-listed issuers. The statement focuses on interim financial statements that need to be prepared according to IFRS standards and on interim management reports for 2020 half-yearly reporting periods. However, the statement is also relevant to the reporting of financial information in other interim periods. ESMA highlights that issuers must provide updated and useful information that covers the current and expected impact of the coronavirus pandemic on their financial position, performance and cash-flows. In addition, issuers should identify the principal risks and uncertainties to which they are exposed.

View ESMA's statement.

The European Central Bank has launched a consultation on its proposed guide on how Eurozone banks should manage and disclose climate-related and environmental risks in accordance with the EU prudential framework. The guide is not legally binding, but aims to raise awareness within the Eurozone banking industry of climate-related and environmental risks and to improve the management of such risks. The consultation closes on September 25, 2020.
 
The guide applies to significant institutions directly supervised by the ECB, although national regulators in Eurozone member states are expected to apply the guide’s expectations proportionately when supervising less significant Eurozone banks. It should be read in the context of the wider EU bank prudential framework, with particular reference to the Capital Requirements Regulation, the Capital Requirements Directive and relevant ECB guidelines. The guide includes an overview of the nature and characteristics of climate-related and environmental risks as well as the ECB’s supervisory expectations of banks’ business models and strategies, governance and risk appetite and integration of climate-related and environment risks into their credit, operational, market and liquidity risk management frameworks.
 
View the ECB's consultation on its Climate-Related and Environmental Risks Guide.

The EU Single Resolution Board has launched a consultation on two proposed documents providing further guidance on the SRB’s expectations for the minimum data sets required to support a robust valuation for Eurozone bank resolutions. Responses to the consultation should be submitted by June 30, 2020.
 
In February 2019, the SRB published its Framework for Valuation, a guidance document for independent valuers and the public setting out the SRB’s expectations on the principles upon which valuations for resolution under the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive and the Single Resolution Mechanism Regulation should be based. 

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The U.K. government has published a letter from U.K. chief negotiator David Frost to EU counterpart Michel Barnier and U.K. draft legal texts of the proposed U.K.-EU Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, as well as other agreements and schedules. The documents set out the U.K. government's position on the future U.K.-EU relationship. In the letter, key points on the U.K.'s position are made. These are:
 

1. The U.K. is seeking to conclude a suite of agreements with the EU with an FTA at the core, all of which are based on precedent agreements that the EU has with other countries. The U.K. is not seeking to remain in the Single Market or the Customs Union.
2. The EU's drafts do not include the same text as that agreed with other countries. For example, the EU is not proposing to replicate the inclusion of provisions on regulatory cooperation for financial services that are agreed between the EU and Japan.
3. The EU proposals are unaligned with the commitment made by both parties to maintain a level playing field. For example, the EU is proposing that the U.K. accept EU state aid rules and be subject to tariffs on trade if those rules were to be breached.

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The European Banking Authority has opened a consultation on proposed Regulatory Technical Standards on the contractual recognition of stay powers under the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive. Revisions to the BRRD were published in June 2019. EU Member States are required to transpose the amending Directive into their national laws and to apply the provisions by no later than December 28, 2020, except for provisions relating to the minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL), which apply from January 1, 2024. The consultation closes on August 15, 2020.

The BRRD provides resolution authorities with powers to stay the contractual rights of parties in financial contracts. These powers allow resolution authorities, for a limited period of time, to suspend contractual payment or delivery obligations due under a contract with a firm under resolution. In certain circumstances before resolution, a resolution authority may also restrict the enforcement of security interests and suspend certain rights of counterparties, such as rights of close-out, netting, accelerating future payments or terminating financial contracts.

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The U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority has published a Policy Statement on its approach to implementing the European Banking Authority's Technical Standards and Guidelines on Probability of Default estimation, Loss Given Default estimation and the treatment of defaulted exposures in the Internal Ratings Based approach to credit risk. The EBA's regulatory products are designed to address concerns about the variability of own funds requirements arising from the internal models that firms use to calculate their minimum credit risk capital requirements under the Capital Requirements Regulation. The Policy Statement is relevant to U.K. banks, building societies and PRA-designated U.K. investment firms.

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The U.K. Government intends to exempt financial services firms from certain provisions of the new U.K. Corporate Governance and Insolvency Bill. The Bill, announced on March 28, 2020, will amend aspects of the U.K. insolvency regime (as set out under the Insolvency Act 1986) in light of the financial difficulties faced by many businesses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Bill also includes provisions for companies’ annual general meetings and filing requirements during the COVID-19 crisis.

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The U.K. Joint Money Laundering Steering Group has launched a consultation on draft guidance on Pooled Client Accounts. The JMLSG Guidance is provided for firms in the financial sector. A PCA is a bank account opened with a financial institution by a customer, to administer funds that belong to the customer's clients. The customers clients' money will be co-mingled but the customer's clients will not be able to directly instruct the financial institution to carry out transactions. The JMLSG is proposing guidance on the risks, risk assessments, written agreements and due diligence that might be needed when a financial institution opens and administers a PCA for a customer. The consultation closes on June 10, 2020.

View the consultation paper.

The International Swaps and Derivatives Association has published a summary, prepared by the Brattle group, of the responses to the ISDA 2020 consultation on how to implement pre-cessation fallbacks in derivatives. Pre-cessation triggers would cause LIBOR-based derivative contracts to fall back to an alternative reference rate in the event that the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority deemed LIBOR no longer to be representative. ISDA sought views as to whether provisions should be included in its standard documentation specifying that rate options for LIBOR in USD, GBP, CHF, JPY and EUR all contain fallbacks that would apply upon the earlier of: (i) a permanent cessation trigger; and (ii) a 'non-representativeness' trigger.

The report confirms the preliminary findings, published by ISDA on April 15, 2020. The majority of respondents are in favor of including the pre-cessation fallbacks in ISDA documentation via either an amended version of the ISDA 2006 definitions (for new contracts) or a protocol (for legacy contracts).

In July 2020, ISDA intends to publish the amended 2006 ISDA Definitions to incorporate the fallbacks for new trades. The protocol will be published at the same time. Both the revised Definitions and the new protocol will come into effect before the end of 2020.

View the report.

View ISDA's press release.

The European Systemic Risk Board has established five priority areas on which it intends to take action to combat the impact of COVID-19 on the EU financial system. In determining its actions, the ESRB hopes to ensure an effective response to the pandemic across the EU that prevents individual Member State actions from negatively impacting the EU Single Market and to take advantage of flexibility in regulatory standards to support financial institutions in providing financial services and liquidity.

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The Bank for International Settlements has published a report on financial crime during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Report provides an overview of the increase in financial crime observed since the COVID-19 outbreak, which includes an increase in cyber threats, greater misuse of online financial services and virtual assets to move illicit funds and possible corruption associated with government stimulus funds. The Report also describes the cyber resilience measures proposed by national and international agencies and the AML actions taken by supervisory bodies, including the issuance of public statements to raise awareness of COVID-19-related AML risks, provision of guidance on the application of existing AML/CTF frameworks and coordination with the financial sector for the reporting of COVID-19-related fraud.

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The European Securities and Markets Authority has published a statement confirming its support for the European Systemic Risk Board's Recommendation on tackling the implications of market illiquidity for asset managers with exposures to corporate debt and real estate. In accordance with the ESRB's Recommendation, ESMA intends to coordinate with Member State national regulators to engage closely with these asset managers. The supervisory engagement ties in with ESMA's common supervisory action, announced in January 2020, on liquidity risk management by managers of Undertakings for the Collective Investment in Transferable Securities.

View ESMA's statement on fund managers' liquidity risk management.

View details of the ESRB's Recommendation.

View details of ESMA's common supervisory action on liquidity risk management for UCITS.

Details of other regulatory responses to COVID-19 are available on our COVID-19 Research Center.

The European Securities and Markets Authority has published a report highlighting certain issues related to rating-collateralized loan obligations. ESMA launched a review in May 2019 on the arrangements that the three main credit rating agencies (Fitch Ratings, Moody’s Investors Service and S&P Global Ratings) have adopted to assign and monitor credit ratings on CLO instruments issued and rated in the EU. The review is part of ESMA's work on identifying vulnerabilities to financial stability arising from leveraged loans. Leveraged loans are of concern because of: (i) the excessive level of financial leverage of some corporate issuers; (ii) the weakening of underwriting criteria applied by lending entities; and (iii) the expected evolutions in the credit cycle.

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The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has announced a series of updates to the Working Group on Sterling Risk-Free Reference Rates’ proposed implementation of LIBOR reforms. In March 2020, the RFRWG published a roadmap for the discontinuation of new sterling LIBOR lending by the end of Q3 2020. The FCA, Bank of England and RFRWG now acknowledge that, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, it will no longer be feasible to transition away from LIBOR across all sterling LIBOR-linked loans by this proposed deadline.

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The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published guidance on how firms should handle post and paper documents during COVID-19. The FCA expects firms to continue to comply with requirements for post and paper-based processes and, where this is not possible, firms should notify the FCA. The FCA also expects firms to contact customers who do not use online services in a timely manner and should be able to demonstrate any steps they have taken to mitigate the impact of any non-compliance with usual post and paper-based processes.

Firms should also ask customers who have sent cheques via post that have not yet been processed to contact the firm. The firm should consider whether the cheque relates to client money under the FCA’s Client Assets Sourcebook regime, whether they are able to provide the services without cashing the cheque and, if so, whether their intended actions are in compliance with the FCA Client Assets Sourcebook.

View the FCA's statement on post and paper documents.

Details of other regulatory responses to COVID-19 are available on our COVID-19 Research Center.

In response to the November 2018 request of the European Parliament to conduct an enquiry into dividend arbitrage trading schemes, the European Banking Authority has published a report (dated April 28, 2020) on the approach of national regulators across the EU to tackle market integrity risks associated with dividend arbitrage trading schemes. The EBA has also published a ten-point Action Plan to address the risks arising from such schemes. Both the report and Action Plan accompanied the EBA's letter to the European Parliament that describes its actions and the steps it intends to take in the future on this issue.

The report sets out the findings arising from the enquiry, which consisted of surveys of national authorities responsible for anti-money laundering and counter terrorist financing and of national prudential regulators. The EBA found that dividend arbitrage trading schemes are not possible in all EU member states and that, where they are possible, they are not always regarded as a tax crime. The EBA concluded that AML and prudential authorities approach dividend arbitrage trading schemes in different ways and there are variations in the extent to which the handling of the proceeds from these schemes by financial institutions constitutes money laundering.

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The FICC Market Standards Board has published a report on the critical role of data management in the financial system. The Report is part of the FMSB's Spotlight Reviews, which highlight significant emerging issues in the FICC markets. The Report discusses the principal areas of data risk, which are business continuity, data confidentiality, trading, aggregate exposure, regulatory enforcement, ownership rights and security risks relating to misconduct. The Report also outlines the work of regulators on data governance and analyzes eight key components of data governance, being the data lifecycle, data policies, data taxonomy, mapping data sources, data movement and lineage, data classification, data leakage detection and data quality.

View the FMSB's report on data management in the financial system.

The U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority has published a statement announcing its decision to set all Pillar 2A requirements to a nominal amount for the purposes of the 2020 and 2021 Supervisory Review and Evaluation Processes, instead of their usual percentage of Risk Weighted Assets. The statement applies to all firms subject to the Capital Requirements Regulation and Capital Requirements Directive. The PRA has said that it is making the change as it does not consider that RWAs are a useful measure for the evolution of risks in the stressed situation that the pandemic represents. The outcome of the change is that banks are freed up to use their Pillar 2A capital to fund lending and other activities.

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The Bank of England’s Financial Policy Committee and Monetary Policy Committee have published reports focusing on the impact of COVID-19 on the U.K. economy and banking sector, together with the minutes of their May Committee meetings and a transcript of the BoE’s joint FPC and MPC press conference, discussing the findings of the Committee reports.

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The Bank of England has published a market notice on risk management approaches to collateral referencing LIBOR for use in the Sterling Monetary Framework. The market risk notice applies to GBP LIBOR, USD LIBOR, EUR LIBOR, JPY LIBOR and CHF LIBOR. It states that from April 1, 2021, a haircut add-on will be applied to all LIBOR Linked Collateral maturing after December 31, 2021. LIBOR Linked Collateral is LIBOR Linked Loan Portfolios, Collateral Securities where the coupon pays interest calculated by reference to LIBOR, Collateral Securities where embedded swap payments are calculated by reference to LIBOR and Collateral Securities backed by loans where one or more loans in the portfolio is a LIBOR Linked Loan. The add-on will be 10% from April 1, 2021, 40% from September 1, 2021 and 100% from December 31, 2021.

The market notice also stipulates that from April 2021, LIBOR Linked Collateral that matures after December 2021 will be ineligible for use in the Sterling Monetary Framework.

View the market notice.

The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has issued guidance on financial crime controls and information security for financial services firms during COVID-19. The FCA notes the increase in cyber-crime during the COVID-19 pandemic, the risks of which may be magnified by operational disruptions arising from working from home arrangements. Firms are expected to be proactive in managing the increased risks during this period, including being vigilant about the potential increase in cyber risks, ensuring they maintain appropriate governance and oversight arrangements, reviewing the impact of COVID-19 on their information security defenses and ensuring that general notification requirements are followed and significant cyber incidents are reported.

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The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has extended the maximum period for which FCA solo-regulated firms are permitted to arrange cover for a Senior Manager without seeking the FCA's approval from 12 to 36 weeks, within a consecutive 12-month period. Firms will be able to reallocate an absent Senior Manager's prescribed responsibilities for up to a 36-week period via an application for a modification by consent of the FCA's standard 12-week rule. The modification by consent will apply from the date of the firm's application until April 30, 2021. The FCA is yet to issue any further guidance regarding the application of the 12-week rule to U.K. dual-regulated firms.

View the FCA's modification by consent to the 12-week rule.

The European Securities and Markets Authority has published a statement reminding firms of their MiFID II conduct of business obligations in light of a significant increase in investment accounts opened by retail clients, together with a surge in retail clients' trading activities.

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The European Securities and Markets Authority has launched a consultation on the functioning of the small and medium-sized Growth Markets regime under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II and on draft technical standards for the promotion of the use of SME Growth Markets to be developed under the Market Abuse Regulation. SME Growth Markets were a new sub-category of multilateral trading facility introduced by MiFID II in January 2018 to facilitate access to capital for SMEs. The consultation closes on July 15, 2020.

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The European Banking Authority has published a report on the feasibility of developing a framework for simple, transparent and standardized synthetic securitization that is limited to balance-sheet securitization under the EU Securitization Regulation.

The EBA is recommending:

• The establishment of a cross-sectoral framework for STS synthetic securitization that is limited to balance-sheet securitization;
• To be eligible for 'STS' status, a synthetic securitization must comply with the proposed STS criteria, including the criteria adapted appropriately for synthetic securitization;
• The European Commission should consider the potential for a differentiated capital treatment for STS balance-sheet synthetic securitization; and
• Any proposal for STS synthetic securitization should include a mandate to the EBA to monitor the functioning of the STS synthetic market.

The European Commission will consider the report and recommendations in preparing its own report and, if appropriate, legislative proposal.

View the EBA's report on a STS framework for synthetic securitization.

HM Treasury's Bounce Back Loan Scheme has launched today. The scheme provides government guarantees for loans between £2,000 to £50,000 and will enable small businesses to apply for loans quickly and easily. The loans will also be subject to a flat interest rate of 2.5% and firms that have already taken out a Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan of £50,000 are entitled to apply for it to be switched to the BBLS. HM Treasury has also published a Dear CEO letter addressed to accredited lenders describing the pricing and regulation of the BBLS and the interaction between the BBLS and the CBILS. Loans of £25,000 or less made under the BBLS will also fall outside the regulatory perimeter for the purposes of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 and the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.

View HM Treasury's announcement on the BBLS.

View HMT's Dear CEO letter on BBLS.

View details of the regulatory perimeter exemption for the BBLS.

The U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority has published a statement on credit risk mitigation eligibility and the leverage ratio treatment of loans made under HM Treasury's Bounce Back Loan Scheme and a separate modification by consent of the exclusion of loans under the BBLS from the calculation of the total exposure measure of the leverage ratio.

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The European Supervisory Authorities have published updated joint draft Regulatory Technical Standards amending the existing EU risk mitigation techniques for uncleared OTC derivatives. In December 2019, the ESAs published a draft RTS to amend existing bilateral margin requirements made under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation in line with certain clarifications made to the related international framework by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the International Organization of Securities Commissions. These updated draft RTS include all those amendments and also delay the upcoming bilateral margin requirements to bring the EU framework in line with the global timeline. In response to the coronavirus outbreak, the Basel Committee announced in April 2020, a one-year deferral for the implementation of the final two phases of the joint Basel Committee and International Organization of Securities Commissions' framework for non-centrally cleared derivatives margin requirements.

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The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has announced a new digital sandbox pilot program, which will provide regulatory support for innovative firms whose business plan addresses issues arising from the coronavirus pandemic. The FCA intends to open the sandbox for applications in summer and, in the meantime, welcomes any expressions of interest from interested innovative firms. The FCA had been planning a digital sandbox before the pandemic, but is fast-tracking the process in light of the challenges facing firms and how the sandbox might assist them.

View the FCA's announcement.

The Financial Action Task Force has published a report on financial crime (including money laundering and terrorism financing activities) during COVID-19, identifying challenges, good practices and policy responses to the emerging threats and vulnerabilities.

The increased threats identified include fraud from criminals attempting to profit from the pandemic, a spike in cyber crime, particularly phishing emails and spam campaigns and a corresponding impact on other predicate crimes including human trafficking, exploitation of workers, online child exploitation and organized property crime. In conjunction, confinement and social distancing measures designed to combat COVID-19 are impacting government and private sector capacity to implement AML and CTF obligations.

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The Bank of England and U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority have issued a statement on changes to the resolution measures applicable to the major U.K. banks and building societies, designed to ease the operational burden on firms in the wake of COVID-19.

The dates by which firms must submit their first reports describing their preparations for resolution, and publish summaries of those reports, under the BoE and PRA’s new Resolvability Assessment Framework have been extended by one year. The first reports should be submitted to the PRA by October 2021 and public disclosures should be made by June 2022.

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HM Treasury has published the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Coronavirus) (Amendment) Order 2020, exempting certain loans made under the U.K. Government's Bounce Back Loan Scheme from regulation under the U.K. financial regulatory regime. The Order applies to loans of £25,000 or less made under the BBLS by commercial lenders to sole traders, unincorporated associations and partnerships of four people. These loans will be classed as exempt credit agreements and will therefore largely not be subject to the provisions of the Consumer Credit Act 1974. 

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The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has granted firms an additional six months to implement strong customer authentication for e-commerce, extending the deadline from March 14, 2021 to September 14, 2021. The forbearance has been granted in light of the exceptional circumstances arising from COVID-19, in a bid to minimize disruption to consumers and merchants.

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The European Central Bank has announced a series of modifications to its targeted longer-term refinancing operations (referred to as TLTRO III) to facilitate ongoing access of firms and households to bank credit. TLTRO III is the latest in the series of Eurosystem refinancing operations that provide financing to Eurozone credit institutions.
 

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The Council of the European Union has published a working paper on interoperability arrangements as a source of contagion risk and open access provisions for exchange-traded derivatives under the Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation.

Interoperability arrangements are links between CCPs that involve the cross-system execution of transactions. They are relevant where multiple CCPs service the same trading venue and allow clearing members of one CCP to centrally clear trades carried out with members of another CCP, without requiring the first counterparty to be a member of the second CCP. The European Market Infrastructure Regulation contains provisions governing CCP interoperability arrangements, including the need for non-discriminatory access, adequate risk management policies and the need for prior approval of relevant national regulators.

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The U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority and the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority have published guidance for firms on the implications of HM Treasury's amendments to the U.K. Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme and Coronavirus Large Business Interruption Loan Scheme and the introduction of the Bounce Back Loan Scheme.

HM Treasury has announced the new BBLS which will run alongside the existing CBILS and CLBILS, providing government guarantees for loans to small businesses of between £2,000 and £50,000. The minimum threshold for CBILS loans will be increased to £50,001, and firms with existing CBILS loans of £50,000 or less will be entitled to switch their facility to the BBLS. The BBLS will launch for applications from May 4, 2020.

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The European Supervisory Authorities have launched a joint consultation on proposed Regulatory Technical Standards on content, methodologies and presentation of disclosures under the EU Regulation on sustainability‐related disclosures in the financial services sector, known as the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation. Responses to the consultation can be submitted until September 1, 2020.

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The European Banking Authority has published guidance on its supervisory flexibility for certain aspects of the European bank prudential regulatory framework, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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The Financial Stability Board has launched a consultation on its proposed guidance on Effective Practices for Cyber Incident Response and Recovery. The consultation seeks input on a toolkit of cyber incident responses compiled by the FSB based on effective actions taken by organizations across the world. The consultation paper opens with a series of specific questions for respondents to consider, before setting out the draft toolkit of responses on which feedback should be given. Responses should be submitted by July 20, 2020.

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The U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority has published a Q&A guide on how banks should use their capital and liquidity buffers during the COVID-19 crisis. The PRA and Financial Policy Committee have stressed the important role that banks must play in providing liquidity to the economy in the wake of the pandemic, using all tools at their disposal, including the buffers built up in the years since the 2007-2009 financial crisis.

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The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a statement on its expectations for wet-ink signatures in light of the coronavirus pandemic. The FCA confirms that FCA rules do not require wet-ink signatures for agreements and do not prevent the use of electronic signatures either. However, the FCA stresses the validity of electronic signatures is a legal matter, for which firms should seek legal advice, if appropriate.

The FCA also states that firms may use electronic signatures in submitting forms.

View the FCA's statement on wet-ink signatures.

Details of other regulatory responses to COVID-19 are available on our COVID-19 Research Center.

The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority has published a statement on its intended approach to prudential regulation of FCA solo-regulated firms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Firms are expected to plan ahead and prudently manage their financial resources. Firms that have been set capital buffers are permitted to use them to support the continuation of their activities, but should contact the FCA if they intend to draw down a buffer. Firms should also maintain up-to-date wind-down plans taking account of the impact of COVID-19 and should contact the FCA if they are concerned about their ability to meet debts as they fall due or their wind-down plans identify material execution risks. Boards should be satisfied that any discretionary distributions of capital to fund share buy-backs, dividends, or upstream cash are prudent.
 
View the FCA's statement on financial resilience for solo-regulated firms.

The European Central Bank has announced its decision to temporarily reduce capital requirements for market risk in response to high levels of volatility arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. The reduction will be effected via the reduction of the qualitative market risk multiplier, a supervisory measure that is set by regulators and used to compensate for underestimation of market risk capital requirements. The ECB's decision will be reviewed after six months.
 
View the ECB's announcement on capital requirements relief for market risk.

The International Swaps and Derivatives Association has announced the preliminary results of its consultation on pre-cessation fallbacks for LIBOR-referencing derivatives. The consultation was launched in February 2020, and sought industry responses on ISDA’s proposals to add a pre-cessation trigger to the LIBOR cessation fallbacks ISDA is proposing to implement in its standard documentation. The trigger would cause LIBOR-based derivative contracts to fall back to an alternative reference rate in the event that the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority deemed LIBOR to be no longer representative.

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The G20 finance ministers and central bank governors have published an Action Plan for the international response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Action Plan covers the healthcare, economic and fiscal responses that G20 members have agreed to undertake, as well as measures to ensure a return to a strong and sustainable global economy, the provision of support to countries in need and the learning of lessons in preparation for future crises.

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