The International Swaps and Derivatives Association published a paper which analyzes the regulatory frameworks in the US and EU for the supervision and oversight of trading platforms and aims to provide principles for the recognition of EU trading platforms by the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Both the US and the EU have introduced rules which require certain derivatives to be traded on trading platforms. The US rules, which came into force in October 2013, provide that US persons may only trade the relevant derivatives on platforms that have registered as a Swap Execution Facility and that are subject to the oversight of the CFTC. The EU Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation, which is currently due to come into force on January 3, 2017 unless proposed legislation is passed to delay it for a year, requires certain derivatives to be traded on EU trading venues. ISDA considers that the CFTC should be able to make comparability decisions, deeming EU trading platforms comparable with those in the US, by focusing on the outcomes and core objectives of the EU regime, thereby recognizing EU trading platforms as SEFs. This would allow US persons to trade on an EU trading venue in compliance with the US trade execution rules.
 
View ISDA's paper.

The US Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System issued an interim final rule amending Regulation I to implement provisions of the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act. The FAST Act reduced the dividend rate applicable to certain Reserve Bank depository institution stockholders that have total consolidated assets of more than $10 billion to the lesser of (i) 6 percent or (ii) the most recent 10-year Treasury auction rate prior to the dividend payment. The dividend rate for other member banks remains at 6 percent. Typically, Reserve Banks pay dividends to member banks twice each year in June and December.

The interim final rule also adjusts the treatment of accrued dividends when a Reserve Bank issues or cancels capital stock owned by a large member bank. Comments to the interim final rule will be accepted for 60 days from publication in the Federal Register.

View the Federal Reserve Board press release. 

View the interim final rule. 

The European Commission asked the European Securities and Markets Authority for technical advice on potential delegated acts due under the proposed European Benchmark Regulation. The proposed Benchmark Regulation aims to ensure that benchmarks produced and used in the EU are robust, reliable, fit for purpose and free from manipulation. The Commission's mandate requests technical advice from ESMA on matters including: (i) what constitutes administering arrangements for determining a benchmark, taking into account different existing business practices; (ii) what constitutes the issuance of a financial instrument for the purposes of defining the use of a benchmark; and (iii) the conditions under which a national regulator may decide that there is an objective reason for the provision of a benchmark or family of benchmarks in a third country. In response to the Commission's request, ESMA published a discussion paper on the Regulation and its technical implementation. The proposed Regulation is expected to enter into force in June 2016. ESMA has been asked to provide its technical advice four months after the Regulation's entry into force. Currently, the Benchmark Regulation and delegated acts are expected to apply 18 months after the Regulation enters into force.
 
View the Commission's request for technical advice.
 
View the Commission's covering letter to ESMA.
 
View ESMA's discussion paper.

The Financial Conduct Authority published a Policy Statement on Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory access to regulated benchmarks, setting out the feedback it received to its consultation last year. The Policy Statement includes the FCA's final rules which affect the administrators of eight regulated benchmarks: the ICE London Inter Bank Offered Rate (ICE LIBOR), the Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA), the Repurchase Overnight Index Average (RONIA), the WM/Reuters London 4pm Closing Spot Rate, the ICE Swap Rate, the LBMA Gold Price, the LBMA Silver Price and the ICE Brent Index. The rules go beyond the general competition powers of the FCA and include specific requirements on benchmark administrators in relation to access. The FCA rules are changed from those in the initial consultation in being limited to users that are exchanges, clearing houses and multilateral trading facilities, consistent with EU regulations, in particular the Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation (which is due to apply from January 3, 2017). The FCA's final rules enter into force on April 1, 2016.
 
View the Policy Statement.

The European Securities and Markets Authority published a report providing an overview of its 2015 supervisory work relating to Credit Rating Agencies and Trade Repositories and setting out its workplan for 2016. ESMA's focus for 2016 includes: (i) improving the quality of credit ratings; (ii) improving trade repository quality data and data access; (iii) improving CRA governance and strategy; (iv) devoting resources to its enforcement work where it is aware of facts that may be infringing regulatory requirements; and (v) enhancing international cooperation with third country supervisors.
 
View the report.

The European Securities and Markets Authority published a final report setting out draft Regulatory Technical Standards on settlement discipline as required under the Central Securities Depository Regulation. The RTS cover measures for preventing settlement fails through automated matching, a hold and release mechanism, and partial settlement. The RTS also provide measures for monitoring and addressing settlement fails such as a mechanism for cash penalties and a buy-in process. ESMA has submitted the final draft RTS to the European Commission for endorsement.
 
View the Final Report and RTS.

The US Office of Financial Research issued its 2015 Annual Report to Congress. Among other things, the report states that threats to US financial stability have “edged higher” since last year’s report, but remain in the moderate range. According to the OFR, that assessment has not changed since the Federal Reserve Board incrementally increased short-term interest rates in December. Additional OFR findings highlighted in the report include how policymakers have taken important steps to eliminate implied taxpayer support for large, complex financial institutions whose serious distress could threaten financial stability. Furthermore, the report notes that while clearing derivatives trades through central counterparties has significant benefits in reducing the risks to counterparties of default, a CCP can also be a single point of vulnerability for failure and creates the potential for propagation of risks.

View the OFR Annual Report to Congress. 

The European Systemic Risk Board published a report on the systemic risk implications of CCP interoperability arrangements which are governed by the European Market Infrastructure Regulation. There are currently five interoperable links in operation in the EU, including four authorized EU CCPs, a Swiss CCP and its Norwegian branch. The ESRB considers that the EU's current regulatory framework for interoperability is sound. However, the ESRB recommends that: (i) more regulatory granularity should be included in the framework to provide clarity for supervisors and regulators, to avoid regulatory arbitrage and to ensure a harmonized EU approach; (ii) the expected proposed legislation on CCP recovery and resolution should clarify the interaction of an interoperability arrangement with the default waterfall framework as well as portability and other default management measures; (iii) further analysis of the risks involved in interoperable arrangements for derivatives should be carried out; and (iv) the ESRB should be given a consultative role on the future development of any guidelines and rules on interoperability. The European Securities and Markets Authority recommended in February 2015 that the interoperability provisions in EMIR, which are limited to transferable securities and money-market instruments, should not be extended to OTC derivatives but could be extended to Exchange-Traded Derivatives. The European Commission must take the ESRB and ESMA reports into account when it prepares its report to the European Parliament and Council on the issue.
 
View the ESRB report.

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York announced the end of its Mortgage Operations Counterparty Pilot Program on December 31, 2015. The program, first announced in August 2014, was intended to discover ways to expand the range of firms acting as counterparties in the Federal Reserve’s open market operations, and to analyze the extent to which firms beyond the primary dealer community can raise the New York Fed’s operational capacity and resiliency in its monetary policy operations. Three firms participated in the MOC pilot program and began transacting with the Open Market Trading Desk in secondary market outright operations of agency mortgage-backed securities in December 2014. The results of the pilot programs will provide useful inputs in the Desk’s ongoing evaluations of the Federal Reserve’s counterparty framework.

View the New York Fed press release. 

The revised EU Payment Services Directive, known as PSD2, was published in the Official Journal of the European Union. The aims of PSD2, which focuses on electronic payments and payment services within the EU, include making payments between Member States as secure, easy and efficient as those made within a Member State, regulating new types of payment services and payment services providers which are currently unregulated and stimulating competition in the electronic payments market. Member States must transpose PSD2 into their national laws by January 13, 2018 and apply those laws from that date, subject to certain exceptions and transitional measures. PSD2 will appeal the current Payment Services Directive with effect from January 13, 2018.
 
View PSD2.

The European Banking Authority published final draft Regulatory Technical Standards which set out the prudential regime for central securities depositories under the Central Securities Depositories Regulation. A distinction is made in CSDR between CSDs that offer banking-type ancillary services and which are also authorised as credit institutions (i.e. banks) and CSDs that are not permitted to offer ancillary banking services. The final draft RTS cover: (i) the capital requirements applicable to all CSDs; (ii) the additional risk-based capital surcharge which takes into account the risks, including intra-day credit and liquidity risks, that arise from the ancillary banking services of CSDs; and (iii) the framework and tools for monitoring, measuring, managing, reporting and disclosing the above-mentioned credit and liquidity risks. CSDs that carry out ancillary banking services will also need to comply with the Capital Requirements Regulation and the final draft RTS impose stricter requirements than those in CRR in some respects. The final draft RTS have been sent to the European Commission for endorsement. The CSDR, which introduces common standards for settlements across the EU, will apply directly across the EU from January 1, 2023 to transferable securities issued after that date and from January 1, 2025 to all transferable securities.

View the final draft RTS.

HM Treasury published the Payment Account Regulations together with an explanatory memorandum. The Regulations implement the Payment Accounts Directive which sets common standards for payment service providers across EU Member States. The three main policy objectives of the PAD are: (i) to improve transparency and comparability of payment account fees used on a daily basis for payment transactions (i.e. personal current accounts); (ii) to make it less burdensome for consumers to be able to move their current account from one payment service provider to another; and (iii) to ensure that EU residents have access to banking services and that a sufficient number of accounts that offer basic features are available. The new Regulations cover: (i) the obligations on payment service providers to enable consumers to make informed choices when choosing a payment account; (ii) non-discrimination in the provision of and access to payments accounts; and (iii) switching payments accounts and the facilitation of cross-border account opening for consumers. The Regulations will enter into force on September 18, 2016 except for those provisions related to the obligation of the Financial Conduct Authority to publish a list of the most representative services linked to a payment account and subject to a fee which will come into effect six months after the publication of that list.

View the Regulations.

The Payment Systems Regulator published its first annual report on access and governance of payment systems. The report sets out the progress of operators of designated payment systems in achieving more open and flexible direct access to payment systems and making the governance of payment system operators more inclusive and transparent. The report states that operators could do more to enable access for smaller banks and non-bank payment service providers and must ensure that the views of those that rely on payment systems are represented in the decision making of operators. The PSR also reports that progress has been made so far on clearer and fairer requirements for direct access, transparency of payment system operator decisions and better representation of payment systems' users' views.

View the report.

The European Securities and Markets Authority published a consultation paper on a review of the Regulatory Technical Standards for CCPs on the time horizons for the liquidation period for margin held by CCPs for exchange-traded derivatives. The RTS currently specify a two-day time horizon as the liquidation period used in the time horizons for margin calculations, across all CCP accounts for exchange-traded products.  The original RTS use this two-day liquidation period but based on net margin models, where offsetting positions of different customers cancel one another out. A key economic difference has been noted between the US and EU regimes for CCP margins, in that the US only requires a one day liquidation period but is calculated on a gross basis across all customer positions. A degree of harmonization of the two regimes is proposed to assist the EU in adopting a long-awaited equivalence decision for US CCPs under EMIR, with proposed adoption of the alternative of a “one day gross” model for European CCP customer accounts. The two-day standard for clearing members' house accounts and the five-day liquidation period for OTC products would be retained. The consultation follows on from ESMA's discussion paper published in August 2015. Comments are due by February 1, 2016.
 
View the consultation paper.

The Chairman of the FDIC, Martin J. Gruenberg and the Comptroller of the Currency, Thomas J. Curry, testified before the Committee on Financial Services in the US House of Representatives on the progress achieved by the US Financial Stability Oversight Council in fulfilling its mandate. Both Chairman Gruenberg and Comptroller Curry discussed the actions taken by the FSOC toward (i) identifying risks to financial stability arising from entities designated as systemically important financial institutions; and (ii) identifying and addressing systemic risk in the US financial system. On the issue of SIFI designation, both Chairman Gruenberg and Comptroller Curry noted the final rule and guidance issued by the FSOC, setting forth the formal process used by the FSOC in making such a determination. Comptroller Curry noted further the final rule and interpretive guidance issued by the FSOC for identifying and designating systemically important financial market utilities.

On the issue of identifying and addressing systemic risk, Chairman Gruenberg pointed to the FSOC Annual Reports, which provides the basis for analysis of potential emerging risks to US financial stability.

View the full text of Chairman Gruenberg’s testimony.

View the full text of Comptroller Curry’s written testimony.

HM Treasury published a consultation on the implementation of the Central Securities Depositories Regulation. The CSDR introduces common standards for settlements across the EU, such as the harmonization of the rules governing central securities depositories which operate the infrastructures enabling settlement, and the timing of securities settlement in the EU. The consultation seeks views on proposed changes to domestic legislation so that provisions of domestic law which overlap with the CSDR are disapplied and changes and enforcement powers are provided for. The CSDR will apply directly across the EU from January 1, 2023 to transferable securities issued after that date and from January 1, 2025 to all transferable securities. Certain provisions will only apply from the date of entry into force of any delegated acts adopted by the Commission under the CSDR.
 
View the consultation.

The US Office of the Comptroller of the Currency issued updated guidance regarding its risk assessment system. Specifically, the updated guidance (i) clarifies the relationship between the RAS and CAMELS; (ii) revises the definition of banking risk in order to apply across all risk categories, and broadens the concept of risk to include potential impacts from losses, reduced earning, and market value of equity; (iii) expands the “quality of risk management” assessment to include a new category of “insufficient” between satisfactory and weak in order to better categorize and communicate concerns; and (iv) expands the assessment of strategic and reputation risks to include both quantity of risk and quality of risk management.

View the text of the OCC press release.

The Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures and International Organization of Securities Commissions published a report on the implementation of the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures. The Principles are the international standards for payment, clearing and settlement systems as well as trade repositories aiming to ensure that the infrastructure supporting global financial markets is resilient enough to endure financial shock. The Principles consist of five general responsibilities for the relevant national regulators for FMIs: (i) regulation, supervision and oversight of FMIs; (ii) regulatory, supervisory and oversight powers and resources; (iii) disclosure of policies relating to FMIs; (iv) application of the Principles for FMIs; and (v) cooperation with other regulators. The report covers the implementation of the Principles in 28 participating jurisdictions and states that most jurisdictions have achieved a high level of observance of the responsibilities: 16 jurisdictions fully observed all responsibilities for all FMI types and two jurisdictions either fully or broadly observed each of the five responsibilities for all FMI types. Annex 3 of the report sets out the findings for each jurisdiction.
 
View the report.

The Financial Stability Board published a report detailing its progress in implementing its September 2014 recommendations for reforms to Foreign Exchange benchmarks. Although the report states that progress has been made in implementing many of the recommendations, the FSB notes that there are still areas where progress has been mixed. Specifically, among other things, the report reiterates that the FSB recommendations are intended to apply to all FX benchmarks, not just the London 4pm fix benchmark. The FSB asserts that a more complete implementation of the recommendations, particularly regarding other FX benchmarks, is essential to building upon improvements already witnessed.

View the report.

The European Securities and Markets Authority published a final report and final draft Regulatory and Implementing Technical Standards on improving securities settlement in the European Union and on Central Securities Depositories requirements. This follows from ESMA’s previously published discussion paper and consultation paper which sought views on the proposed technical standards. The final report sets out the feedback received from the consultation paper and ESMA’s proposed changes to the RTS and ITS on CSD as well as the RTS and ITS on internalised settlement. The two final draft standards on CSDs cover: (i) the authorisation and identification requirements for applicant CSDs, including forms and templates for CSDs applying for authorisation; (ii) recognition of a third-country CSD; (iii) risk monitoring rules that a CSD must establish; (iv) record keeping; and (v) general requirements for cooperation arrangements between regulators in home and host member states. The two final draft standards on internalised settlement cover: (i) templates and procedures for the reporting and transmission of information on internalised settlements; and (ii) specifications for the content of reporting on internalised settlements. The RTS on settlement discipline will become available later in a separate report, as ESMA still needs to review responses received to its more recent consultation on the operation of the buy-in process. ESMA will submit the final draft RTS and ITS to the European Commission for endorsement.

View the final report and technical standards.

On September 23, 2015, the US Federal Reserve Board approved enhancements to its automated clearing house service that will require its receiving depository institutions to process same-day payments. Morning settlements will now be cleared by 1pm, and afternoon settlements by 5pm, according to the approved plan. Originating banks will be required to pay a 5.2 cent interbank fee to receiving banks for each same-day electronic payment. The enhancements become effective September 23, 2016.

View the press release.

The European Central Bank published a revised version of its Eurosystem Oversight Policy Framework which describes the role of the Eurosystem in oversight of payment systems. The Framework has been amended to remove the references to the Eurosystem location policy for CCPs. The revision follows the judgment of the General Court of March 4, 2015 on the UK Government's challenge of the Framework (as it then stood) and which annulled the Framework in so far as it set a requirement for CCPs to be located within the Eurozone. The Framework aimed to prevent CCPs in the European Union but outside the Eurozone from being able to have access to ECB Euro settlement facilities. Following that judgment, the ECB and the Bank of England announced that they had agreed to enhanced information exchange and cooperation arrangements for UK CCPs with significant euro-denominated business and that both central banks would extend the scope of their standing swap line order to aid the provision of multi-currency liquidity support by both central banks to CCPs established in the UK and the euro area. The ECB has also published Standards for the use of CCPs in Eurosystem foreign reserve management operations, which had been the subject of a separate legal challenge by the UK Government. The Standards would govern the use of CCPs for Interest Rate Swaps denominated in foreign currencies, aiming to limit the risks that would arise when these types of IRSs are cleared through a CCP.
 
View the revised Eurosystem Oversight Policy Framework.
 
View the ECB Standards for use of CCPs. 

The Financial Stability Board, together with the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, the Committee on Payments and Markets Infrastructures and the International Organization of Securities Commissions jointly published a CCP workplan, dated April 2015.  The workplan focuses on the resilience, recovery planning and resolvability of CCPs and coordinating the roles of each organisation in achieving these goals. A progress report on such work was published simultaneously, providing an update on work that has been done so far and listing an action plan with expected dates of delivery. The progress report states amongst other things that: (i) work on stress testing policies and practices have advanced and guidance will be developed after further analysis of other resilience topics such as CCP recovery and risk management has been carried out; (ii) a report on all CCP resilience and recovery issues will be published by mid-2016 for consultation; and (iii) a report analyzing the interdependencies between CCPs and major clearing members and any resulting systemic implications on global financial stability will be published by end-2016.

View the workplan.

View the progress report.

The UK Payment Systems Regulator announced that it is conducting a survey aimed at payment service providers who access payment systems indirectly. The survey is intended to inform the PSR’s consideration of whether action is required in the context of its two market reviews, which are on: (i) the supply of indirect access to payment systems, launched in May 2015; and (ii) the ownership and competitiveness of infrastructure provision (the hardware, software, secure telecommunications network and operating environments that are used to manage and operate payment systems), first announced in November 2014. Responses to the survey are due by September 23, 2015.

View the survey form.

On August 7, 2015, the Comptroller of the Currency Thomas J. Curry gave a speech at a conference sponsored by the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, entitled "Leading Toward the Future; Ideas and Insight for a New Era." In that speech, Mr. Curry discussed the ways in which innovation can benefit the financial system, the crucial role banks play in spurring such innovation, and efforts the OCC is undertaking to better comprehend the benefits and risks of innovative products and services. Mr. Curry noted that the OCC must develop a robust process in order to evaluate new approaches and encourage responsible innovation, while ensuring appropriate risk management and compliance with laws and regulations.

View the press release.

The European Securities and Markets Authority published its technical advice to the European Commission under the Regulation on improving securities settlement in the European Union and on central securities depositories, known as CSDR. The technical advice will be considered by the Commission in its preparation of delegated acts which it is required to pass under the CSDR. The technical advice is on penalties for settlement fails and on the substantial importance of a Central Securities Depository. Under CSDR, there is an obligation to settle instructions on the intended settlement date and a daily cash penalty applies for any failed settlement. ESMA’s technical advice is on the parameters for calculating the basic amount of the cash penalty, including the circumstances which may justify an increase or a reduction in the basic penalty amount. An EU passport is provided for under the CSDR which allows an EU-registered CSD to provide its services in any EU member state. Cooperation arrangements are required to be established between the home and host member states for the supervision of the CSD, in particular where the activities of the CSD are of “substantial importance for the functioning of the securities markets and the protection of investors” in the host member state. The Commission’s delegated act is required to set out which operations of a CSD could be considered of substantial importance.

View the technical advice.

The UK Payment Systems Regulator published an update on the work it has done to ensure that access, direct or indirect, to payment systems is fairer and also identified next steps to be taken. The PSR has introduced new access and reporting rules for operators and has imposed a disclosure obligation on the four main sponsor banks providing indirect access. The PSR will continue to work with operators and sponsor banks to help them adapt to the new regulatory requirements and will publish the findings from its review of their compliance reports later in 2015. The PSR launched a market review into the supply of indirect access to market systems and aims to publish an interim report on the review by January 2016 and a final report by May 2016.

View the report.
 

The Financial Conduct Authority published the results of its thematic review into the oversight and control of financial benchmark activities. The review assessed the extent to which firms had responded to concerns and issues highlighted in recent benchmark enforcement cases, whether firms had implemented appropriate oversight and controls to manage the risks involved in their benchmark activities and the understanding within firms of the International Organization of Securities Commissions' Principles for Financial Benchmarks. The review found that all of the 12 banks and broking firms involved in the review had taken steps to change their approach to benchmark activities but that work was still required by all the firms and includes six key messages for firms involved in benchmark activities, which are: (i) firms need to ensure that they identify all of the activities which constitute benchmark activity or could affect a benchmark; (ii) senior management in firms need to act quickly to implement improvement plans; (iii) firms need to strengthen their governance and oversight of benchmark activities; (iv) further work is required on identifying and managing conflicts of interest; (v) robust controls need to be established for in-house benchmarks; and (vi) firms exiting benchmark activities need to give due consideration to the wider impact of their actions. The report sets out good and bad practices that were observed at the firms assessed by the FCA. The FCA expects those firms that were provided feedback during the review to act to make the necessary improvements and for all firms and users of benchmarks to consider the key messages and results of the review.

View the report.

The US Department of Treasury, the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission issued a joint report analyzing the significant volatility in the US Treasury market on October 15, 2014. The joint report provides insight and detailed analysis of the market conditions and offers a number of developments which may help explain the conditions that likely contributed to the volatility. Specifically, the report finds that among other things, changes in global risk sentiment and investor positions, a decline in order book depth and changes in order flow and liquidity provision together provide important insight into the developments of that day. The report also highlights the changing structure of the US Treasury market and proposes next steps to further enhance the public and private sectors’ understanding of changes to the structure of the US Treasury market and their implications. The report recommends continued analysis of US Treasury market structure and functioning, focusing on trading and risk management practices, the availability of public data and continued efforts to strengthen monitoring and inter-agency coordination related to trading across the US Treasury cash and futures markets.
 

View the joint report.

The Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures and the International Organization of Securities Commissions announced that they had begun the first Level 3 assessment of the implementation of the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures. The review aims to assess the consistency of outcomes achieved through implementation of the PFMIs and will focus on requirements for financial risk management by CCPs by considering the outcomes achieved by a number of globally and locally active CCPs clearing exchange-traded and OTC derivatives. The results of the assessment are intended to be published in 2016.

View The announcement.

The Financial Stability Board published an interim progress report on reforms to existing interest rate benchmarks and on the construction and implementation of alternative near risk-free interest rate benchmarks. This follows the FSB’s recommendations for reforms in this area, published in July 2014. The report examines the progress made towards achieving those recommendations. The FSB’s recommendations in the July 2014 report called for a strengthening in existing interest rate benchmarks, such as LIBOR, EURIBOR and TIBOR, collectively coined “IBORs,” and other reference rates based on unsecured bank funding costs by underpinning them to the greatest extent possible with transaction data. In addition, the FSB proposed steps to develop alternative near risk-free interest rate benchmarks, given that there are certain financial transactions, including many derivatives transactions, that it considers better suited to such reference rates.

Read more.

The European Securities and Markets Authority published a final report on the interoperability arrangements between EU‑based CCPs. The report is required under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation. Interoperability arrangements made between two or more CCPs enable a counterparty using one CCP to execute a trade with a counterparty that chooses to use a different CCP. The report, which describes current interoperability arrangements for different product types such as equities and government bonds recommends that the interoperability provisions in EMIR (which are currently limited to transferable securities and money‑market instruments only) are not yet extended to OTC derivatives, given the additional complexities involved in an interoperability arrangement between CCPs clearing OTC derivative contracts. The report does, however, recommend that the interoperability provisions in EMIR be extended to Exchange‑Traded Derivatives, as one interoperability arrangement already exists (between LCH.Clearnet Ltd and Oslo Clearing), as is the general framework for assessing the risk involved as a result. This proposal will next be considered by the European Commission and may prove to be controversial.

View the final report.

The European Securities and Markets Authority published proposed draft Regulatory Technical Standards on the buy‑in process, including the timeframe for delivery of financial instruments which ESMA is required to prepare under the EU Central Securities Depositories Regulation. The CSDR came into force on September 17, 2014. ESMA consulted in December 2014 on the buy‑in process, noting that there is currently no uniform approach to buy‑in by central securities depositories, CCPs and trading venues. Feedback to the consultation suggested that buy‑in should be executed by a bank or execution dealer that was not connected to the parties in the failed transaction. The current consultation therefore focuses on which entity should be responsible for operating the buy‑in process for OTC transactions that are not centrally cleared. ESMA seeks feedback on three proposed options: trading level execution, trading level with fall‑back option execution and CSD participant level execution. Responses to the proposals are due by August 6, 2015. ESMA must provide all of the final draft RTS under the CSD to the European Commission by the end of September 2015.

View the consultation paper.

The Payment Systems Regulator published the final terms of reference for its market review into the ownership and competitiveness of the UK payments system infrastructure. The review aims to ascertain whether current infrastructure services are effective for service users and able to support new developments and innovations. The review focuses in particular on interbank payment systems BACS, FPS and Link, and is based around the seven following questions: (i) whether there is effective competition in the provision of infrastructure services in interbank payments; (ii) whether current ownership arrangements of infrastructure providers affect competition; (iii) whether there are any barriers to effective competition; (iv) what the likelihood is of entry or expansion in respect of provision of infrastructure services; (v) whether there are any efficiencies resulting from the present ownership arrangements; (vi) how demand affects competition in the provision of infrastructure services; and (vii) what the benefits of greater levels of competition might be. The review will aim to address any concerns identified with a view to publishing new directions, recommendations or guidance if necessary, as well as encouraging further industry initiatives and self-regulation if needed. The PSR welcomes views on the key questions outlined in the terms of reference and aims to publish its final report in the second quarter of 2016.

View the terms of reference.

The European Securities and Markets Authority published a letter, dated June 17, 2015, from it to the European Commission that informs the Commission that ESMA will be providing the technical standards due under the Central Securities Depositories Regulation in September 2015. The original due date for delivery of the technical standards was June 18, 2015. The delay to delivery of the standards is due to the European Commission’s Legal Services undertaking an early review of the standards to ensure conformity and consistency of EU legislation. There is not expected to be a delay in adoption by the European Commission of the technical standards under CSDR. The CSDR introduces common standards for settlements across the EU, such as the harmonization of the rules governing central securities depositories which operate the infrastructures enabling settlement, and the timing of securities settlement in the EU. The CSDR will apply directly across the EU from January 1, 2023 to transferable securities issued after that date and from January 1, 2025 to all transferable securities. Certain provisions will only apply from the date of entry into force of the relevant delegated act adopted by the Commission under the CSDR.

View ESMA's letter.

The Financial Conduct Authority issued a call for input, asking two specific questions on digital and mobile solutions for financial services, so that it may obtain market views on: (i) specific UK or EU rules and policies that may currently restrict the development of new and innovative products; and (ii) rules and policies that should be introduced to facilitate innovation in this field. The FCA is asking for specific examples, taking into account both UK and EU perspectives. The call for input also provides a summary on the FCA’s considerations related to the digital and mobile space to date, such as the demand for the regulation of digital currencies and concerns about regulatory requirements creating lengthy customer terms and conditions that are deemed not to be appropriate for digital and mobile solutions. Responses to the Call for input are due by September 7, 2015.

View the call for input.

The Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures and the International Organization of Securities Commissions published the second report on Level 1 assessments of implementation monitoring of the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures. Level 1 assessments are based on self-assessments by individual jurisdictions on how they have adopted the PFMIs through legislation, regulations and other policies. The PFMIs are international standards for payment, clearing and settlement systems and trade repositories aimed at ensuring that such
infrastructure is robust and able to withstand financial stability shocks. Level 1 assessments will next be undertaken in 2016.

View the report.

Following the announcement by the European Commission, that the transitional period for regulatory capital requirements for EU banks’ exposures to CCPs under the EU Capital Requirements Regulation would be extended from June 15, 2015 to December 15, 2015, the Implementing Regulation was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on June 9, 2015. The Implementing Regulation comes into effect on June 12, 2015. The extension is intended to allow further time for CCPs, both from the EU and from non-EU jurisdictions, to become authorized or recognized under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation. One of the requirements for recognition of a third country CCP is that the third country’s regime for supervision of CCPs is deemed to be equivalent to that of the regime under EMIR. Equivalence decisions for CCP regimes have only been given for Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia and Japan. Decisions for major jurisdictions, such as the US, are still outstanding. Authorization or recognition under EMIR will give the CCP the status of being a Qualifying CCP, which is relevant for clearing member firms to calculate their capital requirements for exposures to CCPs under the CRR. Lower capital requirements will be imposed for exposures to a QCCP than for exposures to a non-QCCP CCP.

View the Implementing Regulation.

View our client note on third country equivalence under EMIR.

The Financial Conduct Authority published a consultation paper setting out proposals for fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory access to regulated benchmarks by benchmark administrators. This is further to the policy statement published by the FCA in March 2015 on the seven new benchmarks it will be regulating and supervising. The policy statement included the FCA’s final rules amending Chapter 8 of the Market Conduct Sourcebook (MAR 8), originally designed for benchmarks determined through a submission process, such as LIBOR. The FCA’s proposals are in response to concerns raised about the unconstrained ability of administrators to set the prices of access to benchmark information and benchmark licenses. The new proposals limit the ability of benchmark administrators to exploit their market power in a way that could encourage unfair competition. The new rules would apply to existing and future pricing and licensing arrangements and would not apply retrospectively. Responses are due before August 3, 2015 and the FCA aims to publish a policy statement and final rules towards the end of 2015.

View the consultation paper.

The Bank of England published a consolidated version of its rules for Recognized Clearing Houses. RCHs are regulated by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 and are subject to the FSMA 2000 (Recognition Requirements) Regulations 2001, though different recognition requirements will apply under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation for RCHs that are also CCPs. RCHs that are also CCPs must comply with domestic requirements as well as EMIR. All UK RCHs must comply with the BoE rules.

View the BoE RCH rules.

The US Securities and Exchange Commission approved a proposal by the national securities exchanges and the US Financial Industry Regulatory Authority regarding a two-year pilot program widening the minimum quoting and trading increments, known as "tick sizes" for stocks of some small firms. The pilot program aims to assess whether wider tick sizes would improve the quality of small company stocks for issuers and investors.

View the the SEC press release.

The TARGET2-Securities advisory group of the European Central Bank published an impact analysis report on non-compliance with T2S harmonization standards. The standards aim to provide a single centralized platform for securities settlement in central bank funds across European securities markets. In November 2014, six jurisdictions declared that it would not be likely that they would be able to comply with some of the obligatory harmonization standards by the time their markets plan to migrate to T2S. These jurisdictions are Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Romania and Switzerland. The report states that there have been no new cases of non-compliance with T2S harmonization standards. The T2S group has assessed the impact of non-compliant T2S markets on the T2S community as a whole. For the Belgian, Dutch, French, Romanian and Swiss markets, the impact of non-compliance is deemed to be manageable and the T2S group has asked for the further monitoring of implementation plans. A decision for the German market has been postponed until the next impact analysis.

View the impact analysis.

The Council of the European Union issued a press release stating it had reached a tentative agreement with the European Parliament on a draft directive that would further the development of electronic payments in the EU market. The new directive will incorporate and repeal the existing Payment Services Directive to create a new framework for emerging and innovative payment services, including internet and mobile payments, providing a more secure and harmonized environment for payments. Once the full text is finalized, the draft directive will need to be confirmed by the Council, submitted to the European Parliament for a vote and then to the Council for adoption. Once adopted, member states will have two years to transpose the directive into national law.

View the press release.

The Financial Conduct Authority published final guidance for Multilateral Trading Facility operators on regulatory requirements for MTF rulebooks and procedures as set out in the Market Conduct Sourcebook of the FCA Handbook. The FCA consulted on its proposed guidance late in 2014 which was based on feedback received through a thematic review. The FCA expects all MTF operators to be able to demonstrate that they have considered the good practice observations included in the guidance when setting their approach to compliance with the Market Conduct requirements.

View the final guidance.

The European Central Bank and the Bank of England published a joint press release announcing that they had agreed to enhanced information exchange and cooperation arrangements for UK CCPs with significant euro-denominated business. Further, both central banks are extending the scope of their standing swap line order to aid the provision of multi-currency liquidity support by both central banks to CCPs established in the UK and the euro area. As a result of the measures, the UK Government announced that it would withdraw the two as yet undecided cases brought by the UK Government against the ECB’s CCP location policy. The announcements follow the General Court judgment on March 4, 2015, which annulled the ECB’s Eurosystem Oversight Policy Framework which had the effect of requiring CCPs with significant euro-denominated business to be located within the eurozone. The ECB has not yet made any announcement about the documents which are the subject of the two cases to be withdrawn (Decision of 11 December 2012 on the terms and conditions of TARGET2 and the ECB’s Statement of Standards published on 18 November 2011 in so far as it sets out a location policy for CCPs).

View the ECB / BoE press release.

View the UK Government’s announcement.

The US Securities and Exchange Commission proposed rule amendments to require broker- dealers trading in off-exchange venues to become members of a national securities association. The amendments would seek to heighten regulatory oversight of active proprietary trading firms. The proposed amendments to Rule 15b9-1 under the Exchange Act of 1934 would narrow the current exemption available to certain broker-dealers from membership of a national securities association if the broker-dealer is a member of a national securities exchange, carries no customer accounts and has annual gross income of no more than $1,000 that is derived from securities transactions effected otherwise than on a national securities exchange of which it is a member. The exemption was originally tailored to exchange specialists and other floor members that might need to utilize limited hedging or other off-exchange activities secondary to their floor-based business. The proposed amendments would also update the exemption that permits off-exchange transactions necessary to comply with the regulatory requirements preventing trade-throughs. The public comment period on the proposed rule amendment will last 60 days following its publication in the Federal Register.
 

View the proposed rule.

The UK Payment Systems Regulator published the regulatory framework for payment systems in the UK which sets out the PSR’s approach to regulation of payment systems and related industry, work programme regulatory tools and guiding principles. The new PSR is fully operational as of April 1, 2015. Two market reviews were announced alongside the publication of the regulatory framework. The first review is into the ownership and competitiveness of payment systems infrastructure which will look into the ownership of a small number of banks of both BACS, Faster Payments Services and LINK payment systems and the central infrastructure for those systems, VocalLink. The second review is into the supply of indirect access to payment systems which is provided only by Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds and RBS. The PSR is seeking comments on the scope of the reviews with a view to finalizing the terms of reference for each review by the end of May at which time more detailed timetables will be available.

View the regulatory framework.

The Financial Conduct Authority published a press release relating to its November 2014 consultation paper on the Payment Systems Regulator, which is the new UK regulator that will regulate the largest UK payment systems. The press release states that any of the directions mentioned in the consultation that were to come into force on April 1, 2015 will not come into force until April 30, 2015. This is so that stakeholders have more time to consider the FCA’s final directions and views that are to be published in the FCA’s PSR policy statement before the end of March 2015.

View the FCA press release

The International Organization of Securities Commissions and Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures jointly announced that they have begun a review of CCP stress testing. The aim of the review is to identify how the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures standards published jointly by IOSCO and the CPMI in 2012 are being implemented, and whether any further guidance is needed.

View the joint press release

The Bank of England published its annual report on the supervision of Financial Market Infrastructures which sets out the way in which the BoE has exercised its responsibilities in relation to recognized payment systems, CCPs and securities settlement systems over the past year. The report discusses the progress that has been achieved on issues including: (i) credit and liquidity risk; (ii) recovery and resolution; (iii) operational risk management; (iv) governance; and (v) disclosure. The report lists the forward-looking priorities that the bank intends to focus on in the next year, such as: (i) assessing the UK CCPs’ stress-testing practices; (ii) evaluating proposals on CCP recovery and resolution that may extend to other types of FMI; (iii) addressing the root causes of excess operational risk; and (iv) improving resilience against cyber-attacks.

View the report